关联漏洞
描述
CVE-2025-8088
介绍
# 🧩 CVE-2025-8088 — WinRAR Zero-Day Vulnerability
**Type:** Path Traversal / Arbitrary File Write → Code Execution
**Severity:** High (CVSS 8.4)
**Status:** Actively Exploited (Zero-Day)
**Discovered:** July 2025
**Fixed in:** WinRAR 7.13
**Researchers:** Anton Cherepanov, Peter Košinár, Peter Strýček (ESET)
---
## 🧠 Executive Summary
A critical vulnerability, **CVE-2025-8088**, affects **WinRAR ≤ 7.12** on Windows.
It allows **path traversal via alternate data streams (ADS)** in crafted archives.
Attackers can silently extract files into system directories, planting payloads that execute at startup — achieving **remote code execution** upon user interaction.
Exploitation was observed *in the wild* before disclosure, primarily through **phishing campaigns** distributing malicious `.rar` files disguised as benign documents.
---
## ⚙️ Technical Breakdown
| Category | Details |
| :---------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Vulnerability Type** | Path Traversal / Directory Traversal using ADS |
| **Root Cause** | Improper validation of extraction paths when processing crafted RAR archives |
| **Attack Vector** | User opens or extracts a malicious archive using WinRAR ≤ 7.12 |
| **Privileges Required** | User-level |
| **User Interaction** | Required (manual extraction) |
| **Impact** | Arbitrary file write → persistence → remote code execution |
| **Patched Version** | WinRAR 7.13 (July 30 2025 release) |
| **CVSS Score** | 8.4 / 10 — High |
---
## 🧬 Exploitation Methodology
1. **Delivery:**
Victim receives a phishing email (often themed as HR or résumé content) with a `.rar` attachment.
2. **Trigger:**
User opens the archive using a vulnerable WinRAR version.
3. **Exploit Action:**
Malicious archive entries contain traversal paths like `..\..\..\` combined with ADS syntax (`::$DATA`) — tricking WinRAR into writing payloads outside the intended extraction folder.
4. **Payload Deployment:**
Files such as `.lnk`, `.dll`, or `.exe` are dropped into:
* `%APPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup`
* `%ProgramData%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup`
5. **Execution:**
Upon system restart or user login, the dropped payload automatically executes.
---
## ⚡ Configuration
```python
# Configuration
DECOY_FILE_NAME = "document"
DROP_PATH = "AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\payload.bat"
PAYLOAD = "@echo off\nstart /B C:\Users\Public\file.exe\n"
```
To use your own decoy file, type its full path instead of name.
## 💥 Run
Run the script:
```python
python main.py
```
The output will appear in the output folder.
---
## 🕵️ Threat Landscape
### ⚔️ Primary Actor: **RomCom** (a.k.a. Storm-0978 / UNC2596 / Tropical Scorpius)
* Advanced persistent threat group with history of zero-day use.
* Active phishing operations July 18 – 21 2025.
* Targets: defense, logistics, manufacturing, finance, and government sectors.
* Known payloads: **SnipBot**, **RustyClaw**, **Mythic agent**.
* Example observed malicious file: `msedge.dll`.
### 🐺 Secondary Actor: **Paper Werewolf**
* Deployed the same exploit primarily against Russian organizations.
* Likely obtained the exploit from a third-party seller (~ $80,000 underground value).
---
## 🔍 Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)
> *Note: Hashes and domains vary per campaign — below are structural & behavioral indicators observed.*
**File System Artifacts**
* Unexpected `.lnk` files in user or system startup folders
* `msedge.dll` or other suspicious DLLs under `%TEMP%`, `%LOCALAPPDATA%`
* Recently created executables in `C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup`
**Registry Persistence**
* New or modified keys under:
`HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run`
`HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run`
**Network Indicators**
* Outbound connections to unknown C2 domains (TLS-encrypted, beaconing behavior)
* Occasional staging via public cloud or document-sharing services
**Behavioral Indicators**
* Archive extraction unexpectedly writes to non-selected paths
* Newly spawned processes post-extraction (especially DLL loads from user directories)
---
## 🧩 Risk Assessment
| Impact Area | Description |
| :------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Confidentiality** | Compromised through credential theft or data exfiltration |
| **Integrity** | Unauthorized persistence, alteration of system files |
| **Availability** | Potential disruption or ransomware deployment |
| **Likelihood** | High — widespread WinRAR installations and delayed patching |
| **Exploit Maturity** | Mature — weaponized in phishing campaigns before patch release |
---
## 🛡 Mitigation Strategy
### 1. **Immediate Actions**
* **Update WinRAR** to version 7.13 or later on all Windows systems.
* If you use tools embedding **UnRAR.dll** or **UnRAR source code**, recompile or patch them.
### 2. **System Hardening**
* Restrict write permissions to startup directories.
* Block WinRAR extractions to system or shared folders.
* Use EDR policies to alert on suspicious file writes involving path traversal.
### 3. **User Defense**
* Reinforce awareness training: never open unsolicited RAR attachments.
* Disable automatic “open archive after extraction.”
* Utilize sandbox analysis for inbound attachments.
### 4. **Threat Hunting**
* Search for `.lnk`, `.dll`, `.exe` files created after July 2025 in startup folders.
* Examine system logs for WinRAR extraction anomalies.
* Monitor outbound network connections from unknown binaries.
### 5. **Incident Response**
* If compromise is suspected:
* Isolate the host.
* Acquire forensic images (memory + disk).
* Analyze persistence mechanisms.
* Remove artifacts and reimage if integrity is uncertain.
---
## 🔮 Lessons Learned
* Even legacy utilities like **WinRAR**, widely used across industries, remain lucrative attack vectors when update mechanisms are manual.
* Security teams should treat **archive tools** as potential attack surfaces, not merely utilities.
* Continuous patching, email filtering, and behavioral monitoring are essential to reduce exposure to such zero-day exploits.
---
## 🧾 Summary Table
| Element | Detail |
| :---------------------- | :------------------------------------------------ |
| **CVE ID** | CVE-2025-8088 |
| **Severity** | High (8.4 / 10) |
| **Impact** | Code execution via path traversal in RAR archives |
| **Affected Versions** | WinRAR ≤ 7.12 |
| **Fixed Version** | 7.13 |
| **Discovered by** | ESET Research |
| **Exploited by** | RomCom, Paper Werewolf |
| **Exploit Method** | ADS + path traversal during archive extraction |
| **Delivery Vector** | Phishing with malicious RAR attachments |
| **Patch Release** | July 30 2025 |
| **Mitigation Priority** | Critical / Immediate |
---
## 🧩 Quick Defensive Checklist
✅ Update to WinRAR 7.13+
✅ Block startup folder writes from untrusted apps
✅ Hunt for `msedge.dll`, `.lnk` persistence artifacts
✅ Educate users about malicious RAR attachments
✅ Review EDR detections for new DLL loads or abnormal extraction paths
---
文件快照
[4.0K] /data/pocs/7464bc49c19faba38b44d969c7efbfc440d78a11
├── [ 202] config.py
├── [1.4K] extract.py
├── [4.3K] main.py
└── [8.1K] README.md
1 directory, 4 files
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