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# Remediation Report: CVE-2013-3900 – WinVerifyTrust Vulnerability on Windows Server 2019 (Azure VM)

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## Overview

During a recent authenticated vulnerability assessment conducted using Tenable Nessus, **[CVE-2013-3900](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-3900)** was detected on a **Windows Server 2019** virtual machine hosted in **Microsoft Azure**. This scan leveraged administrative credentials, allowing for in-depth inspection of the system’s configuration and registry settings.

The issue stems from a flaw in how Windows handles signature validation via the `WinVerifyTrust` function. Exploiting this vulnerability, a malicious actor could bypass integrity checks by appending data to signed executable files—potentially leading to the execution of untrusted code under the guise of a valid signature. (Source: [Microsoft](https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2013-3900))

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## Vulnerability Details

- **CVE**: [CVE-2013-3900](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-3900)  
- **Severity**: High  
- **Affected Component**: WinVerifyTrust Signature Validation  
- **Risk**: Digital signature bypass through improper handling of certificate padding

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## Remediation Plan

To address this issue, Microsoft recommends enabling the `EnableCertPaddingCheck` registry setting. This enforces stricter validation and prevents the acceptance of improperly padded PE files.

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## Mitigation Procedure

### Step 1: Launch Command Prompt with Elevated Privileges

- Open Start Menu  
- Search for `cmd`, right-click, and select **Run as Administrator**

### Step 2: Execute Registry Fix

Use the following commands to modify registry values for both 64-bit and 32-bit subsystems:

```cmd
reg add "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Cryptography\Wintrust\Config" /v EnableCertPaddingCheck /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
reg add "HKLM\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Cryptography\Wintrust\Config" /v EnableCertPaddingCheck /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
```

### Step 3: Restart the Virtual Machine

Once the registry keys were successfully added, a **system reboot** was performed to ensure the configuration changes took full effect across all active services and processes.

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## Post-Remediation Verification

A follow-up **credentialed Nessus scan** was conducted after the reboot. The vulnerability **CVE-2013-3900 no longer appeared** in the scan results, confirming that the mitigation steps were successful and the system is no longer vulnerable to this signature bypass exploit.

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## Why This Matters: Risks of Not Remediating CVE-2013-3900

Leaving this vulnerability unaddressed could lead to several significant security and compliance risks:

- **Bypassing Digital Signature Verification**  
  Attackers may embed malicious code in signed executables without invalidating the signature.

- **Avoidance of Security Tools**  
  Malware can evade antivirus, endpoint detection and response (EDR), and application whitelisting mechanisms.

- **Privilege Escalation & Remote Code Execution**  
  Exploitation may lead to system compromise, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within the network.

- **Software Supply Chain Attacks**  
  Unsuspecting users may install tampered software that appears to be signed and trusted.

- **Regulatory & Legal Exposure**  
  Non-remediation may violate security requirements under **HIPAA**, **NIST**, **PCI-DSS**, **CMMC**, and other frameworks.

---

## Conclusion

**CVE-2013-3900** presents a serious threat by undermining trust in signed software. Through prompt detection, registry-level remediation, and verification via credentialed scanning, this vulnerability was successfully mitigated on the affected Windows Server 2019 system.

This process reinforces the importance of:

- Regular vulnerability scans using authenticated credentials  
- Prompt application of vendor-recommended configurations  
- Continuous monitoring and validation of mitigation efforts

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