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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3501

3501 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2026-24209 NVIDIA Triton Inference Server路径穿越漏洞 — Triton Inference Server 7.5 High2026-05-20
CVE-2026-24208 NVIDIA Triton Inference Server路径穿越致拒绝服务漏洞 — Triton Inference Server 5.3 Medium2026-05-20
CVE-2026-35593 Trilium Notes has Local File Inclusion via upload modified file API endpoint — Trilium 6.8 Medium2026-05-19
CVE-2026-46724 Path Traversal in extension "Faceted Search" (ke_search) — Extension "Faceted Search"--2026-05-19
CVE-2026-29220 Apache OFBiz: Low-Privilege LFI in Content Component — Apache OFBiz--2026-05-19
CVE-2026-47091 Claude HUD 0.0.12 Path Traversal via transcript_path — claude-hud 3.3 Low2026-05-18
CVE-2026-45230 DumbAssets 1.0.11 Path Traversal File Deletion via /api/delete-file — DumbAssets 9.1 Critical2026-05-18
CVE-2026-8802 opensourcepos Open Source Point of Sale Items.php getPicThumb path traversal — Open Source Point of Sale 4.3 Medium2026-05-18
CVE-2026-8770 continuedev continue JSON-RPC Server lsTool.ts lsTool path traversal — continue 3.3 Low2026-05-17
CVE-2026-8765 Kilo-Org kilocode File Diff API Endpoint worktree-diff.ts Bun.file path traversal — kilocode 4.3 Medium2026-05-17
CVE-2026-8757 adenhq hive Delete Request routes_sessions.py _read_events_tail path traversal — hive 7.3 High2026-05-17
CVE-2026-8756 fishaudio Bert-VITS2 Gradio webui_preprocess.py generate_config path traversal — Bert-VITS2 7.3 High2026-05-17
CVE-2026-8755 fishaudio Bert-VITS2 Model hiyoriUI.py _get_all_models path traversal — Bert-VITS2 7.3 High2026-05-17
CVE-2026-8754 AstrBotDevs AstrBot File Upload chat.py post_file path traversal — AstrBot 6.3 Medium2026-05-17
CVE-2018-25325 Woocommerce CSV Importer 3.3.6 Path Traversal File Deletion — WooCommerce CSV-Importer 7.5 High2026-05-17
CVE-2018-25326 Google Drive for WordPress 2.2 Path Traversal RCE via gdrive-ajaxs.php — Google Drive 7.5 High2026-05-17
CVE-2026-8736 Oinone Pamirs RestController LocalFileClient.java request.getParameter path traversal — Pamirs 4.1 Medium2026-05-17
CVE-2021-47977 WordPress Anti-Malware Security Bruteforce Firewall 4.20.59 Directory Traversal — Malware Security and Bruteforce Firewall 7.5 High2026-05-16
CVE-2021-47942 Home Assistant Community Store 1.10.0 Path Traversal Account Takeover — Home Assistant Community Store (HACS) 7.5 High2026-05-16
CVE-2021-47979 WordPress Plugin Backup and Restore 1.0.3 Arbitrary File Deletion — Backup and Restore 8.8 High2026-05-16
CVE-2026-44565 Open WebUI: Open WebUI Arbitrary File Write, Delete via Path Traversal — open-webui 8.1 High2026-05-15
CVE-2026-44566 Open WebUI: Arbitrary File Upload and Path Traversal — open-webui 7.3 High2026-05-15
CVE-2026-46383 Microsoft APM: Windows absolute-path tar member overwrite during legacy-bundle probing in `apm install` — apm 5.5 Medium2026-05-15
CVE-2026-44641 Microsoft APM: plugin.json component paths escape plugin root and copy arbitrary host files during install — apm 7.1 High2026-05-15
CVE-2026-41552 Path Traversal in PDF Export Module — PDF Export Module--2026-05-15
CVE-2026-7182 Path Traversal in Diagram — Diagram--2026-05-15
CVE-2026-6403 Quick Playground <= 1.3.3 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'stylesheet' Parameter — Quick Playground 7.5 High2026-05-15
CVE-2026-44647 OneDev: Path Traversal (read capability via Git LFS pointer resolution) — onedev--2026-05-14
CVE-2026-27886 Strapi may leak sensitive data via relational filtering due to lack of query sanitization — strapi--2026-05-14
CVE-2026-42598 Pode: Directory Traversal is possible on Static Routes — Pode--2026-05-14

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3501 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.