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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5195

5195 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-17424 Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS — AIX 4.8 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-49244 SFTPGo: Path confinement bypass in public browsable share partial ZIP download — sftpgo 5.9 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-69400 Azure Logic Apps Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Azure Logic Apps 9.6 Critical 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-73040 Dockge Path Traversal via Unvalidated Stack Name Allows Arbitrary Compose and .env Disclosure and Arbitrary Directory Deletion — dockge 8.8 High 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-53584 libgit2: Submodule path traversal — libgit2 4.3 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-73255 Mongoose: Path traversal in SSI #include directives enables arbitrary file read — mongoose 6.5 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-61625 VictoriaMetrics vmrestore: path traversal via crafted backup part names escapes restore root — VictoriaMetrics 6.8 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-18274 Heimdall Data Database Proxy uploadJar Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Database Proxy - - 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-71492 Banks: Path traversal in `DirectoryPromptRegistry.set()` allows arbitrary file write outside the registry root — banks 6.0 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-63490 Handlebars.java: Arbitrary file read in `SpringTemplateLoader` via URL-fragment suffix bypass — handlebars.java 7.5 High 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-70383 Arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability in DigiDoc4 client — DigiDoc4 8.4 High 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-64967 Path Traversal in ATutor — ATutor 6.9 Medium 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-64966 Path Traversal leading to Remote Code Execution in ATutor — ATutor 8.7 High 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-64963 Path Traversal in ATutor — ATutor 2.3 Low 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-77068 n8n before 2.34.1 Remote Code Execution via Path Traversal — n8n 8.7 High 2026-08-20
CVE-2026-76832 Agno PythonTools Path Traversal via joinpath file_name argument — Agno 8.8 High 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76369 Path Traversal through Automation Broker in Splunk SOAR — Splunk SOAR 2.7 Low 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76359 Path Traversal through Universal Forwarder Installer Archive Extraction in Splunk SOAR — Splunk SOAR 6.5 Medium 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76358 Path Traversal through App Installation Tar Extraction in Splunk SOAR — Splunk SOAR 6.5 Medium 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76357 Remote Code Execution (RCE) through Path Traversal in the REST API in Splunk SOAR — Splunk SOAR 7.6 High 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76337 Path Traversal through Splunk Web Static File Serving in Splunk Enterprise — Splunk Enterprise 5.3 Medium 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-18849 IBM OpenBMC Code Execution — OPENBMC 6.8 Medium 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76576 yangzongzhuan RuoYi-Vue Common Download Endpoint CommonController.java resourceDownload path traversal — RuoYi-Vue 4.3 Medium 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-75593 BuildKit: Malicious client can bypass destination directory validation on local sources upload — buildkit 7.2 High 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-16888 Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS — AIX 3.7 Low 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-63188 logto-tunnel serves files outside --experience-path via path traversal — logto 8.7 High 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-62680 Orval: Generation-time SSRF + remote/local file inclusion via unrestricted $ref — orval 7.1 High 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-48024 Wazuh: merged-file header path traversal in cluster sync allows arbitrary file write under WAZUH_PATH in Wazuh manager — wazuh 9.1 Critical 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-46343 Wazuh: Arbitrary File Deletion via Cluster Protocol – Incomplete Path Validation in end_receiving_file() — wazuh 7.5 High 2026-08-19
CVE-2026-76614 OpenEMR < 8.3.0 Path Traversal Information Disclosure via EDI Archive Restore — openemr 4.3 Medium 2026-08-19

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5195 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.