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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5197

5197 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-67429 Flyto2 Core: Arbitrary file write via image.download (and other file-writing modules) — flyto-core 10.0 Critical 2026-07-29
CVE-2026-50558 Penelope unsafe tar extraction allows arbitrary local file write via crafted session archive — penelope 5.9 Medium 2026-07-29
CVE-2026-65886 Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file read in Gridbox < 2.20.2 — Gridbox extension for Joomla 9.2 Critical 2026-07-29
CVE-2026-44943 remote limited file-write as root via discovery in open-iscsi — open-iscsi 6.9 Medium 2026-07-29
CVE-2026-54659 Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path — pagy 6.9 Medium 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-54650 openhole-server vulnerable to path traversal via URL-decoded request path — openhole 8.6 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-66063 goshs has a Path Traversal issue — goshs 6.5 Medium 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-55389 datamodel-code-generator vulnerable to arbitrary local file read via JSON-Schema `$ref` (`file://` and `../` traversal), bypassing `--no-allow-remote-refs` — datamodel-code-generator 7.5 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-55390 Arbitrary local file read via XSD `schemaLocation` (`xs:include`/`xs:import`) path traversal, with no remote-ref gate — datamodel-code-generator 7.5 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-14973 Path Traversal in IBM Desktop App — Aspera Desktop App 9.3 Critical 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-15280 IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty is affected by a remote code execution and path-segment injection vulnerability — WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 7.5 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-5114 SpeedyCache <= 1.3.8 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Read — SpeedyCache – Cache, Optimization, Performance 4.9 Medium 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-48374 Bridge | Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22) — Adobe Bridge 7.8 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-67185 TinyWeb 0.0.8 Path Traversal via URL Path Component — TinyWeb 7.5 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-54545 @wakaru/cli arbitrary file write during bundle unpack — wakaru 7.1 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-7521 SAML certificate deletion allows path traversal to delete arbitrary files outside the config directory — Mattermost 5.5 Medium 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-16585 Better Messages <= 2.15.19 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Deletion via Path Traversal via 'file' Parameter — Better Messages – Chat Rooms, Group Chat, Private Messages & AI Chat Bots 7.2 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-14490 Demi <= 0.0.6 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Directory Deletion via demi_restore_step AJAX action — Demi – One Click Demo Import, Backup & Site Migration 7.5 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-17524 Ouga zip-lib 路径遍历漏洞 — zip-lib 7.5 High 2026-07-28
CVE-2026-65921 Potential path traversal leading to unauthorized file writes — artifactory 8.8 High 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-45623 PostCSS: Arbitrary file read and information disclosure via attacker-controlled sourceMappingURL in CSS comments — postcss 7.5 High 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-66397 phpMyFAQ before 4.1.6 Path Traversal via category image deletion — phpMyFAQ 8.6 High 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-66050 NitroShare Desktop 0.3.4 Path Traversal via LAN File Transfer Server — nitroshare-desktop 7.5 High 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-66476 WordPress Easy Digital Downloads plugin <= 3.6.9 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Easy Digital Downloads 4.9 Medium 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-65436 WordPress Kirki plugin <= 6.0.13 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability — Kirki 6.8 Medium 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-17514 ZJONSSON node-unzipper extract.js Extract path traversal — node-unzipper 5.3 Medium 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-65878 Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Authenticated arbitrary file delete in SP Page Builder < 6.7.1 — SP Page Builder extension for Joomla 8.3 High 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-40000 Path Traversal Vulnerability in ZTE Blade A75 5G — Blade A75 5G 1.8 Low 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-65765 Joomla Extension - phoca.cz - Path traversal vulnerability in Phoca Commander 1.0.0-6.1.1 — Phoca Commander extension for Joomla 6.9 Medium 2026-07-27
CVE-2026-14955 Checkout Field Editor for WooCommerce (Pro) <= 3.7.7 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'thwcfe_legacy_file' Parameter — Checkout Field Editor for WooCommerce (Pro) 6.5 Medium 2026-07-25

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5197 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.