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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-11426 UnderConstructionPage PRO <= 5.76 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read via template_thumbnail Parameter — Under Construction Page (Pro) 6.5 Medium 2026-07-11
CVE-2026-55852 Frappe: TarSlip RCE in Package Import — frappe - - 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-42219 Frappe: Path Traversal via /backups Route — frappe - - 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-41482 Frappe: Possible Path Traversal and Local File Inclusion via Chrome PDF Generator — frappe - - 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-58499 Path traversal in EverOS /api/v1/memory/add via unvalidated sender_id — EverOS 8.2 High 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-55469 Snipe-IT: Path traversal vulnerability via CSV import `image` field — snipe-it 6.5 Medium 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-61432 PraisonAI FastContext before 1.6.78 Path Traversal — PraisonAI 5.7 Medium 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-61431 PraisonAI before 4.6.78 Path Traversal via ContextGatherer — PraisonAI 5.5 Medium 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-60089 PraisonAI before 1.6.78 Path Traversal via config.toml — PraisonAI 5.5 Medium 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-57961 phpMyFAQ - Authenticated Path Traversal in PDF Export via concatenatePaths Function — phpMyFAQ 2.7 Low 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-54468 Dell unisphere for powermax 路径遍历漏洞 — Unisphere for PowerMax 6.5 Medium 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-40005 Apache IoTDB: Path Traversal in Pipe File Transfer Receiver — Apache IoTDB - - 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-13347 Hide My WP Lite <= 1.3 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'he_wrapper_js' Parameter — Hide My WP Lite 7.5 High 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-15331 zhayujie CowAgent Skill Installation service.py _add_package path traversal — CowAgent 5.4 Medium 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-15326 halo-dev halo Theme Installation ThemeUtils.java ThemeUtils.unzipThemeTo path traversal — halo 3.8 Low 2026-07-10
CVE-2026-54760 Langroid: SQLChatAgent dangerous-function blocklist can be bypassed with quoted or schema-qualified pg_read_file calls — langroid - - 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-50181 Langroid: Path traversal in the file tools allows read/write outside configured current directory — langroid 7.1 High 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-50180 Langroid: SQLChatAgent _validate_query blocklist misses pg_read_file family enabling arbitrary file read — langroid - - 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-59832 SiYuan: Authenticated path traversal in /snippets/ static handler (serveSnippets) leaks conf/conf.json secrets and siyuan.db — siyuan 7.7 High 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-13492 UsersWP <= 1.2.65 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via File Upload Field — UsersWP – Front-end login form, User Registration, User Profile & Members Directory plugin for WP 8.8 High 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-59149 Mockoon: Path traversal in templated `filePath` lets a request escape the served directory (prefix-only base check) — mockoon 6.5 Medium 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-15204 TOTOLINK X5000R OpenVPN Export cstecgi.cgi exportOvpn path traversal — X5000R 5.3 Medium 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-59221 open-webui terminal proxy path traversal guard bypass via 9x encoded traversal — open-webui 7.7 High 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-14372 Bit Form <= 3.1.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via '_old' Parameter — Bit Form – Contact Form, Payment Forms, Multi Step Forms, Calculator & Custom Form Builder 7.1 High 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-15138 tumf mcp-text-editor text_editor.py _validate_file_path path traversal — mcp-text-editor 6.3 Medium 2026-07-09
CVE-2026-55878 Symfony: Path Traversal in symfony/ux-toolkit Allows Arbitrary File Write and Read via Crafted Recipe Manifest — ux 7.8 High 2026-07-08
CVE-2026-44024 Fluentd: Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Arbitrary File Write in `${tag}` Placeholder — fluentd 9.8 Critical 2026-07-08
CVE-2026-58192 Appium: Unauthenticated arbitrary file/directory deletion in @appium/storage-plugin — appium 8.6 High 2026-07-08
CVE-2026-54590 AsyncSSH AuthorizedKeysFile username substitution bypass through ~ and environment expansion — asyncssh 5.9 Medium 2026-07-08
CVE-2026-54591 AsyncSSH: SCP Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Write — asyncssh 8.1 High 2026-07-08

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.