CWE-791 (特殊元素过滤不完全) — Vulnerability Class 13

CWE-791 represents an input validation weakness where software fails to adequately sanitize special characters or structural elements within data received from external sources. This oversight typically enables attackers to inject malicious payloads, such as cross-site scripting scripts or command injection sequences, by bypassing incomplete filtering mechanisms. When these unfiltered elements reach downstream components like interpreters or parsers, they can alter execution logic, leading to severe security breaches including data theft or system compromise. Developers prevent this vulnerability by implementing robust, context-aware input validation strategies that strictly whitelist acceptable characters rather than relying on blacklist approaches. Utilizing parameterized queries, encoding special symbols, and applying comprehensive sanitization libraries ensures that all incoming data is thoroughly processed, thereby neutralizing potential injection vectors before they interact with critical system functions.