CVE-2025-48187 — AI Deep Analysis Summary

Q: What is this vulnerability? (Essence + Consequences)

🚨 **Essence**: RAGFlow suffers from a **Brute Force** vulnerability. 💥 **Consequences**: Attackers can guess credentials to **take over accounts** completely. Critical integrity and confidentiality loss.

Q: Root Cause? (CWE/Flaw)

🛡️ **Root Cause**: **CWE-307** (Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts). ❌ **Flaw**: The system lacks effective rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms to stop repeated login guesses.

Q: Who is affected? (Versions/Components)

📦 **Affected**: **InfiniFlow RAGFlow**. 📅 **Version**: **0.18.1 and earlier**. 🔧 **Component**: The authentication module of this open-source RAG engine.

Q: What can hackers do? (Privileges/Data)

🕵️ **Hackers Can**: 1. **Take over user accounts** via password guessing. 2. Access sensitive **RAG data** and document insights. 3. Modify system configurations (High Integrity impact).

Q: Is exploitation threshold high? (Auth/Config)

⚡ **Threshold**: **LOW**. 🔓 **Auth**: **None required** (PR:N). 🌐 **Network**: Remote (AV:N). 👤 **UI**: No interaction needed (UI:N). Easy to exploit remotely.

Q: Is there a public Exp? (PoC/Wild Exploitation)

📜 **Public Exp?**: **No specific PoC** listed in data. ⚠️ **Risk**: However, brute force is a standard technique. Any automated tool can exploit this without a unique script.

Q: How to self-check? (Features/Scanning)

🔍 **Self-Check**: 1. Test login endpoints for **rate limiting**. 2. Attempt multiple failed logins to see if IP/User is blocked. 3. Scan for **RAGFlow 0.18.1** instances exposed to the internet.

Q: Is it fixed officially? (Patch/Mitigation)

🔧 **Fix**: Update to a version **newer than 0.18.1**. 📢 **Source**: Check InfiniFlow GitHub commits for the patch release. 🛡️ **Mitigation**: Implement WAF rules to limit login requests.

Q: What if no patch? (Workaround)

🚧 **No Patch?**: 1. Enable **Account Lockout** policies. 2. Use **CAPTCHA** on login pages. 3. Restrict access via **IP Whitelisting** or VPN. 4. Enforce **Strong Passwords**.

Q: Is it urgent? (Priority Suggestion)

🔥 **Urgency**: **HIGH**. 📈 **Priority**: Immediate action. 📉 **CVSS**: **7.5** (High). ⚠️ **Reason**: Remote, no auth, and leads to full account takeover. Critical for data security.

Updated May 06, 2026 CVSS 9.1 · Critical

This is a summary of the AI-generated 10-question deep analysis. The full version (longer answers, follow-up Q&A, related CVEs) requires login. Read the full analysis →

Q1What is this vulnerability? (Essence + Consequences)

🚨 **Essence**: RAGFlow suffers from a **Brute Force** vulnerability. <br>💥 **Consequences**: Attackers can guess credentials to **take over accounts** completely. Critical integrity and confidentiality loss.

Q2Root Cause? (CWE/Flaw)

🛡️ **Root Cause**: **CWE-307** (Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts). <br>❌ **Flaw**: The system lacks effective rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms to stop repeated login guesses.

Q3Who is affected? (Versions/Components)

📦 **Affected**: **InfiniFlow RAGFlow**. <br>📅 **Version**: **0.18.1 and earlier**. <br>🔧 **Component**: The authentication module of this open-source RAG engine.

Q4What can hackers do? (Privileges/Data)

🕵️ **Hackers Can**: <br>1. **Take over user accounts** via password guessing. <br>2. Access sensitive **RAG data** and document insights. <br>3. Modify system configurations (High Integrity impact).

Q5Is exploitation threshold high? (Auth/Config)

⚡ **Threshold**: **LOW**. <br>🔓 **Auth**: **None required** (PR:N). <br>🌐 **Network**: Remote (AV:N). <br>👤 **UI**: No interaction needed (UI:N). Easy to exploit remotely.

Q6Is there a public Exp? (PoC/Wild Exploitation)

📜 **Public Exp?**: **No specific PoC** listed in data. <br>⚠️ **Risk**: However, brute force is a standard technique. Any automated tool can exploit this without a unique script.

Q7How to self-check? (Features/Scanning)

🔍 **Self-Check**: <br>1. Test login endpoints for **rate limiting**. <br>2. Attempt multiple failed logins to see if IP/User is blocked. <br>3. Scan for **RAGFlow 0.18.1** instances exposed to the internet.

Q8Is it fixed officially? (Patch/Mitigation)

🔧 **Fix**: Update to a version **newer than 0.18.1**. <br>📢 **Source**: Check InfiniFlow GitHub commits for the patch release. <br>🛡️ **Mitigation**: Implement WAF rules to limit login requests.

Q9What if no patch? (Workaround)

🚧 **No Patch?**: <br>1. Enable **Account Lockout** policies. <br>2. Use **CAPTCHA** on login pages. <br>3. Restrict access via **IP Whitelisting** or VPN. <br>4. Enforce **Strong Passwords**.

Q10Is it urgent? (Priority Suggestion)

🔥 **Urgency**: **HIGH**. <br>📈 **Priority**: Immediate action. <br>📉 **CVSS**: **7.5** (High). <br>⚠️ **Reason**: Remote, no auth, and leads to full account takeover. Critical for data security.

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Vulnerability detail Full AI analysis (login) infiniflow CWE-307