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CWE-125 (跨界内存读) — Vulnerability Class 4338

4338 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-125 (跨界内存读). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-125, Out-of-bounds Read, is a memory safety weakness where software accesses memory locations outside the designated buffer boundaries, either before its start or past its end. This vulnerability typically arises from insufficient bounds checking during array indexing or pointer arithmetic, allowing attackers to read sensitive data such as stack canaries, cryptographic keys, or internal application state. By leveraging this flaw, adversaries can achieve information disclosure or potentially facilitate further exploitation techniques like heap spraying. Developers mitigate this risk by implementing rigorous input validation, utilizing static analysis tools to detect unsafe memory access patterns, and adopting safer programming languages or libraries that enforce automatic bounds checking. Additionally, employing compiler protections like Address Sanitizer during development helps identify these errors early, ensuring that memory reads remain strictly within allocated limits to prevent unauthorized data exposure.

MITRE CWE Description
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Common Consequences (4)
Confidentiality Read Memory
An attacker could get secret values such as cryptographic keys, PII, memory addresses, or other information that could be used in additional attacks.
Confidentiality Bypass Protection Mechanism
Out-of-bounds memory could contain memory addresses or other information that can be used to bypass ASLR and other protection mechanisms in order to improve the reliability of exploiting a separate weakness for code execution.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
An attacker could cause a segmentation fault or crash by causing memory to be read outside of the bounds of the buffer. This is especially likely when the code reads a variable amount of data and assumes that a sentinel exists to stop the read operation, such as a NUL in a string.
Other Varies by Context
The read operation could produce other undefined or unexpected results.
Mitigations (2)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Examples (2)
In the following code, the method retrieves a value from an array at a specific array index location that is given as an input parameter to the method
int getValueFromArray(int *array, int len, int index) { int value; // check that the array index is less than the maximum // length of the array if (index < len) { // get the value at the specified index of the array value = array[index]; } // if array index is invalid then output error message // and return value indicating error else { printf("Value is: %d\n", array[index]); value = -1; } return value; }
Bad · C
... // check that the array index is within the correct // range of values for the array if (index >= 0 && index < len) { ...
Good · C
In the following C/C++ example the method processMessageFromSocket() will get a message from a socket, placed into a buffer, and will parse the contents of the buffer into a structure that contains the message length and the message body. A for loop is used to copy the message body into a local character string which will be passed to another method for processing.
int processMessageFromSocket(int socket) { int success; char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; char message[MESSAGE_SIZE]; // get message from socket and store into buffer //Ignoring possibliity that buffer > BUFFER_SIZE if (getMessage(socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE) > 0) { // place contents of the buffer into message structure ExMessage *msg = recastBuffer(buffer); // copy message body into string for processing int index; for (index = 0; index < msg->msgLength; index++) { message[index] = msg->msgBody[index]; } message[index] = '\0'; // process message success = processMessage(message); } return success; }
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-88175 Microsoft Office Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88153 Microsoft Office Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88151 Microsoft Office Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88169 Microsoft Office Word Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70263 Microsoft Office Word Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70206 Microsoft Office Word Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70044 Microsoft Windows Media Foundation Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70011 Windows IP Over USB Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 21H2 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-69955 Windows Client for NFS Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-69940 Windows Client for NFS Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88140 Windows Key Storage Provider Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88070 Windows BitLocker Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70244 Windows DNS Server Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70277 Windows Fast FAT File System Driver Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88159 Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 8.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-88158 Microsoft Digest Authentication Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85858 Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 version 23H2 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85853 Windows DWM Core Library Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85847 Windows Print Spooler Components Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85852 Windows Management Instrumentation Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85837 Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 Version 24H2 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85830 Windows Installer Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85815 Windows Device Association Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85816 Windows Wi-Fi Driver Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.7 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85821 Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85808 Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Denial of Service Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.5 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85797 Windows GDI Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85794 Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85374 Windows Installer Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 5.5 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85369 Windows Hyper-V Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 21H2 8.2 High 2026-10-13

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-125 (跨界内存读) represent 4338 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.