CWE-125 (跨界内存读) — Vulnerability Class 4343

4343 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-125 (跨界内存读). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-125, Out-of-bounds Read, is a memory safety weakness where software accesses memory locations outside the designated buffer boundaries, either before its start or past its end. This vulnerability typically arises from insufficient bounds checking during array indexing or pointer arithmetic, allowing attackers to read sensitive data such as stack canaries, cryptographic keys, or internal application state. By leveraging this flaw, adversaries can achieve information disclosure or potentially facilitate further exploitation techniques like heap spraying. Developers mitigate this risk by implementing rigorous input validation, utilizing static analysis tools to detect unsafe memory access patterns, and adopting safer programming languages or libraries that enforce automatic bounds checking. Additionally, employing compiler protections like Address Sanitizer during development helps identify these errors early, ensuring that memory reads remain strictly within allocated limits to prevent unauthorized data exposure.

MITRE CWE Description

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

Common Consequences (4)

Confidentiality Read Memory

An attacker could get secret values such as cryptographic keys, PII, memory addresses, or other information that could be used in additional attacks.

Confidentiality Bypass Protection Mechanism

Out-of-bounds memory could contain memory addresses or other information that can be used to bypass ASLR and other protection mechanisms in order to improve the reliability of exploiting a separate weakness for code execution.

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

An attacker could cause a segmentation fault or crash by causing memory to be read outside of the bounds of the buffer. This is especially likely when the code reads a variable amount of data and assumes that a sentinel exists to stop the read operation, such as a NUL in a string.

Other Varies by Context

The read operation could produce other undefined or unexpected results.

Mitigations (2)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

Examples (2)

In the following code, the method retrieves a value from an array at a specific array index location that is given as an input parameter to the method

int getValueFromArray(int *array, int len, int index) { int value; // check that the array index is less than the maximum // length of the array if (index < len) { // get the value at the specified index of the array value = array[index]; } // if array index is invalid then output error message // and return value indicating error else { printf("Value is: %d\n", array[index]); value = -1; } return value; }

Bad · C

... // check that the array index is within the correct // range of values for the array if (index >= 0 && index < len) { ...

Good · C

In the following C/C++ example the method processMessageFromSocket() will get a message from a socket, placed into a buffer, and will parse the contents of the buffer into a structure that contains the message length and the message body. A for loop is used to copy the message body into a local character string which will be passed to another method for processing.

int processMessageFromSocket(int socket) { int success; char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; char message[MESSAGE_SIZE]; // get message from socket and store into buffer //Ignoring possibliity that buffer > BUFFER_SIZE if (getMessage(socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE) > 0) { // place contents of the buffer into message structure ExMessage *msg = recastBuffer(buffer); // copy message body into string for processing int index; for (index = 0; index < msg->msgLength; index++) { message[index] = msg->msgBody[index]; } message[index] = '\0'; // process message success = processMessage(message); } return success; }

Bad · C

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-31002	Out-of-bounds Read in Sofia-SIP — sofia-sip	7.5	High	2022-05-31
CVE-2022-1899	Out-of-bounds Read in radareorg/radare2 — radareorg/radare2	7.7	-	2022-05-26
CVE-2022-1851	Out-of-bounds Read in vim/vim — vim/vim	7.8	-	2022-05-25
CVE-2021-42700	Inkscape Out-of-bounds Read — Inkscape	3.3	Low	2022-05-18
CVE-2022-28183	NVIDIA GPU Display Driver 缓冲区错误漏洞 — NVIDIA GPU Display Driver	7.7	High	2022-05-17
CVE-2022-1586	PCRE 缓冲区错误漏洞 — pcre2	9.1	-	2022-05-16
CVE-2022-1587	PCRE 缓冲区错误漏洞 — pcre2	9.1	-	2022-05-16
CVE-2022-28830	Adobe FrameMaker Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — FrameMaker	5.5	Medium	2022-05-13
CVE-2022-1714	Out-of-bounds Read in radareorg/radare2 — radareorg/radare2	7.1	-	2022-05-13
CVE-2021-27482	EIPStackGroup OpENer Ethernet/IP Out-of-bounds Read — OpENer EtherNet/IP	7.5	High	2022-05-12
CVE-2022-28268	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	-	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28267	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28266	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28265	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28264	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28263	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28262	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28261	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28260	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28259	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28258	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28257	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28255	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28254	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28253	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28252	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	3.3	Low	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28251	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28249	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28248	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11
CVE-2022-28246	Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Doc Object Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Acrobat Reader	5.5	Medium	2022-05-11

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-125 (跨界内存读) represent 4343 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.