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CWE-134 (使用外部控制的格式字符串) — Vulnerability Class 151

151 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-134 (使用外部控制的格式字符串). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-134 represents a critical input validation weakness where software utilizes functions accepting format strings, such as printf, with data originating from an untrusted external source. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious format specifiers, like %x or %n, into the input stream. This manipulation allows them to read sensitive memory contents, causing denial of service, or write arbitrary data to memory, potentially leading to remote code execution and full system compromise. To mitigate this risk, developers must strictly avoid passing user-controlled data directly as the format string argument. Instead, they should use literal format strings and pass user input as subsequent arguments. Additionally, implementing rigorous input validation and employing static analysis tools can help detect these dangerous patterns early in the development lifecycle, ensuring that external data is never interpreted as executable code logic.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses a function that accepts a format string as an argument, but the format string originates from an external source.
Common Consequences (2)
Confidentiality Read Memory
Format string problems allow for information disclosure which can severely simplify exploitation of the program.
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Modify Memory, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
Format string problems can result in the execution of arbitrary code, buffer overflows, denial of service, or incorrect data representation.
Mitigations (3)
Requirements Choose a language that is not subject to this flaw.
Implementation Ensure that all format string functions are passed a static string which cannot be controlled by the user, and that the proper number of arguments are always sent to that function as well. If at all possible, use functions that do not support the %n operator in format strings. [REF-116] [REF-117]
Build and Compilation Run compilers and linkers with high warning levels, since they may detect incorrect usage.
Examples (2)
The following program prints a string provided as an argument.
#include <stdio.h> void printWrapper(char *string) { printf(string); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { char buf[5012]; memcpy(buf, argv[1], 5012); printWrapper(argv[1]); return (0); }
Bad · C
The following code copies a command line argument into a buffer using snprintf().
int main(int argc, char **argv){ char buf[128]; ... snprintf(buf,128,argv[1]); }
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2024-23113 Fortinet FortiOS 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — FortiSwitchManager 9.8 Critical 2024-02-15
CVE-2023-24590 Gallagher Controller 6000 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — Controller 6000 7.5 High 2023-12-18
CVE-2023-36639 Fortinet FortiProxy 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — FortiOS 7.0 High 2023-12-13
CVE-2023-48221 wire-avs remote format string vulnerability — wire-avs 7.3 High 2023-11-20
CVE-2022-26941 Format string vulnerability in AT+CTGL command in Motorola MTM5000 — Mobile Radio 9.6 Critical 2023-10-19
CVE-2023-41349 ASUS RT-AX88U - externally-controlled format string — RT-AX88U 8.8 High 2023-09-18
CVE-2023-39240 ASUS RT-AX55、RT-AX56U_V2 - Format String - 3 — RT-AX55 7.2 High 2023-09-07
CVE-2023-39239 ASUS RT-AX55、RT-AX56U_V2、RT-AC86U - Format String - 2 — RT-AX55 7.2 High 2023-09-07
CVE-2023-39238 ASUS RT-AX55、RT-AX56U_V2 - Format String - 1 — RT-AX55 7.2 High 2023-09-07
CVE-2023-4746 TOTOLINK N200RE V5 Validity_check format string — N200RE V5 8.8 High 2023-09-04
CVE-2023-35087 ASUS RT-AX56U V2 & RT-AC86U - Format String - 2 — RT-AX56U V2 9.8 Critical 2023-07-21
CVE-2023-35086 ASUS RT-AX56U V2 & RT-AC86U - Format String -1 — RT-AX56U V2 7.2 High 2023-07-21
CVE-2023-33011 Zyxel ATP 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — ATP series firmware 8.8 High 2023-07-17
CVE-2022-43953 Fortinet FortiOS 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — FortiProxy 6.3 Medium 2023-06-13
CVE-2023-2186 Triangle MicroWorks SCADA Data Gateway 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — SCADA Data Gateway 8.2 High 2023-06-07
CVE-2023-21497 SAMSUNG Mobile devices 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 4.4 Medium 2023-05-04
CVE-2023-25492 Lenovo XClarity Controller 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — XClarity Controller 6.3 Medium 2023-05-01
CVE-2023-22923 Zyxel NBG-418N v2 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — NBG-418N v2 firmware 6.5 Medium 2023-05-01
CVE-2022-43619 D-Link DIR-1935 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — DIR-1935 6.8 - 2023-03-29
CVE-2015-10088 ayttm proxy.c http_connect format string — ayttm 5.0 Medium 2023-03-05
CVE-2023-23783 Fortinet FortiWeb 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — FortiWeb 6.5 Medium 2023-02-16
CVE-2023-21420 SAMSUNG Mobile devices 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 7.3 High 2023-02-09
CVE-2022-43869 IBM Spectrum Scale denial of service — Elastic Storage System 6.5 Medium 2023-02-08
CVE-2023-22374 iControl SOAP vulnerability — BIG-IP 8.5 High 2023-02-01
CVE-2022-3023 Use of Externally-Controlled Format String in pingcap/tidb — pingcap/tidb 9.1 - 2022-11-04
CVE-2022-35887 Abode Iota 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — iota All-In-One Security Kit 8.8 - 2022-10-25
CVE-2022-35886 Abode Iota 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — iota All-In-One Security Kit 8.8 - 2022-10-25
CVE-2022-35885 Abode Iota 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — iota All-In-One Security Kit 8.8 - 2022-10-25
CVE-2022-35884 Abode Iota 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — iota All-In-One Security Kit 8.8 - 2022-10-25
CVE-2022-35881 Abode Iota 格式化字符串错误漏洞 — iota All-In-One Security Kit 8.8 - 2022-10-25

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-134 (使用外部控制的格式字符串) represent 151 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.