CWE-15 (系统设置或配置在外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 81

CWE-15 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow users to directly manipulate system settings or configuration parameters. This flaw typically arises when developers trust unverified external inputs, such as environment variables, command-line arguments, or configuration files, without rigorous sanitization. Attackers exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious values that alter application behavior, leading to service disruption, privilege escalation, or unintended execution paths. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement strict input validation, ensuring that all configuration data originates from trusted sources. Utilizing allowlists for acceptable values, enforcing least-privilege principles, and isolating configuration storage from user-accessible directories are essential practices. By treating all external inputs as untrusted and applying robust verification mechanisms, organizations can prevent adversaries from hijacking system settings and maintain the integrity and stability of their software environments.