CWE-190 (整数溢出或超界折返) — Vulnerability Class 977

CWE-190 represents a critical logic flaw where arithmetic operations exceed the maximum capacity of the assigned integer data type, causing the value to wrap around to a negative number or zero. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by manipulating input values to trigger the overflow, thereby bypassing security checks that assume the resulting number remains positive or within expected bounds. This often leads to severe consequences such as buffer overflows, memory corruption, or unauthorized access. To prevent such issues, developers must implement rigorous input validation and use safe arithmetic libraries that detect potential overflows before execution. Additionally, employing static analysis tools and adhering to secure coding standards ensures that integer calculations are handled with appropriate bounds checking, effectively mitigating the risk of wraparound errors in production environments.