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CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 4415

4415 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-20 represents a critical software weakness where applications fail to properly verify the integrity, format, or type of incoming data before processing it. This oversight allows attackers to inject malicious payloads, such as SQL injection strings or cross-site scripting code, which can bypass security controls and compromise system integrity. Exploitation typically occurs when untrusted data from external sources, like user forms or network packets, is treated as executable code or trusted input. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation strategies, including strict type checking, length constraints, and allow-listing acceptable characters. Additionally, employing parameterized queries and output encoding ensures that even if validation fails, the injected data remains inert, thereby preserving application security and preventing unauthorized execution or data exposure.

MITRE CWE Description
The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. Input validation is a frequently-used technique for checking potentially dangerous inputs in order to ensure that the inputs are safe for processing within the code, or when communicating with other components. Input can consist of: raw data - strings, numbers, parameters, file contents, etc. metadata - information about the raw data, such as headers or size Data can be simple or structured. Structured data can be composed of many nested layers, composed of combinations of metadata and raw data, with other simple or structured data. Many properties of raw data or metadata may need to be validated upon entry into the code, such as: specified quantities such as size, length, frequency, price, rate, number of operations, time, etc. implied or derived quantities, such as the actual size of a file instead of a specified size indexes, offsets, or positions into more complex data structures symbolic keys or other elements into hash tables, associative arrays, etc. well-formedness, i.e. syntactic correctness - compliance with expected syntax lexical token correctness - compliance with rules for what is treated as a token specified or derived type - the actual type of the input (or what the input appears to be) consistency - between individual data el…
Common Consequences (3)
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)
An attacker could provide unexpected values and cause a program crash or arbitrary control of resource allocation, leading to excessive consumption of resources such as memory and CPU.
Confidentiality Read Memory, Read Files or Directories
An attacker could read confidential data if they are able to control resource references.
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Modify Memory, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
An attacker could use malicious input to modify data or possibly alter control flow in unexpected ways, including arbitrary command execution.
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and Design Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subjec…
Architecture and Design Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Architecture and Design, Implementation Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may b…
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server. Even though clien…
Examples (2)
This example demonstrates a shopping interaction in which the user is free to specify the quantity of items to be purchased and a total is calculated.
... public static final double price = 20.00; int quantity = currentUser.getAttribute("quantity"); double total = price * quantity; chargeUser(total); ...
Bad · Java
This example asks the user for a height and width of an m X n game board with a maximum dimension of 100 squares.
... #define MAX_DIM 100 ... /* board dimensions */ int m,n, error; board_square_t *board; printf("Please specify the board height: \n"); error = scanf("%d", &m); if ( EOF == error ){ die("No integer passed: Die evil hacker!\n"); } printf("Please specify the board width: \n"); error = scanf("%d", &n); if ( EOF == error ){ die("No integer passed: Die evil hacker!\n"); } if ( m > MAX_DIM || n > MAX_DIM ) { die("Value too large: Die evil hacker!\n"); } board = (board_square_t*) malloc( m * n * sizeof(board_square_t)); ...
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2018-15453 Cisco Email Security Appliance Memory Corruption Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) 8.6 - 2019-01-10
CVE-2019-3581 McAfee Web Gateway denial of service attack due to Improper Input Validation — McAfee Web Gateway 7.5 - 2019-01-09
CVE-2018-19005 Horner Automation Cscape 输入验证漏洞 — Cscape 7.8 - 2018-12-20
CVE-2018-18999 Advantech WebAccess/SCADA 缓冲区错误漏洞 — WebAccess/SCADA 7.6 - 2018-12-19
CVE-2018-16873 Google Go 安全漏洞 — golang 8.1 - 2018-12-14
CVE-2018-16874 Google Go 路径遍历漏洞 — golang 8.1 - 2018-12-14
CVE-2018-16875 Google Go 信任管理问题漏洞 — golang 7.5 - 2018-12-14
CVE-2018-16556 Siemens SIMATIC S7-400 输入验证错误漏洞 — SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 412-1 DP V7 7.5 High 2018-12-13
CVE-2018-14663 PowerDNS DNSDist 安全漏洞 — dnsdist - - 2018-11-26
CVE-2018-14644 PowerDNS Recursor 输入验证漏洞 — pdns 5.9 - 2018-11-09
CVE-2018-15450 Cisco Prime Collaboration Assurance File Overwrite Vulnerability — Cisco Prime Collaboration Assurance 6.5 - 2018-11-08
CVE-2018-15449 Cisco Video Surveillance Media Server Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Video Surveillance Media Server Software 6.5 - 2018-11-08
CVE-2018-15454 Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 8.6 - 2018-11-01
CVE-2018-14661 GlusterFS 输入验证错误漏洞 — glusterfs-server 6.5 - 2018-10-31
CVE-2018-0378 Cisco NX-OS Software for Nexus 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches Precision Time Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco NX-OS Software for Nexus 6000 Series 8.6 - 2018-10-17
CVE-2018-0395 Cisco FXOS and NX-OS Software Link Layer Discovery Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco NX-OS Software 5.3 - 2018-10-17
CVE-2018-0456 Cisco NX-OS Software Authenticated Simple Network Management Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco NX-OS Software for Nexus 3000 Series 7.0(3)I7(3) 6.5 - 2018-10-17
CVE-2018-0416 Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Software Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) 5.3 - 2018-10-17
CVE-2018-12474 Crafted service parameters allows to induce unexpected behaviour in obs-service-tar_scm — Open Build Service 8.8 - 2018-10-09
CVE-2018-12478 obs-service-replace_using_package_version allows to specify arbitrary input files — Open Build Service 6.5 - 2018-10-09
CVE-2018-12479 Request controller allows to create requests with arbitrary request IDs — Open Build Service 7.5 - 2018-10-09
CVE-2018-14656 Linux kernel 安全漏洞 — kernel - - 2018-10-08
CVE-2018-0197 Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software VLAN Trunking Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software 4.3 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-0438 Cisco Umbrella Enterprise Roaming Client Privilege Escalation Vulnerability — Cisco Umbrella 7.8 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-0462 Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Enterprise NFV Infrastructure Software 4.9 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-0467 Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco IOS Software 8.6 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-0472 Cisco IOS XE Software and Cisco ASA 5500-X Series Adaptive Security Appliance IPsec Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 8.6 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-0475 Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Cluster Management Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco IOS Software 7.4 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-15368 Cisco IOS XE Software Privileged EXEC Mode Root Shell Access Vulnerability — Cisco IOS XE Software 6.7 - 2018-10-05
CVE-2018-15369 Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software TACACS+ Client Denial of Service Vulnerability — Cisco IOS Software 6.8 - 2018-10-05

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当) represent 4415 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.