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CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当) — Vulnerability Class 4415

4415 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-20 represents a critical software weakness where applications fail to properly verify the integrity, format, or type of incoming data before processing it. This oversight allows attackers to inject malicious payloads, such as SQL injection strings or cross-site scripting code, which can bypass security controls and compromise system integrity. Exploitation typically occurs when untrusted data from external sources, like user forms or network packets, is treated as executable code or trusted input. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation strategies, including strict type checking, length constraints, and allow-listing acceptable characters. Additionally, employing parameterized queries and output encoding ensures that even if validation fails, the injected data remains inert, thereby preserving application security and preventing unauthorized execution or data exposure.

MITRE CWE Description
The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. Input validation is a frequently-used technique for checking potentially dangerous inputs in order to ensure that the inputs are safe for processing within the code, or when communicating with other components. Input can consist of: raw data - strings, numbers, parameters, file contents, etc. metadata - information about the raw data, such as headers or size Data can be simple or structured. Structured data can be composed of many nested layers, composed of combinations of metadata and raw data, with other simple or structured data. Many properties of raw data or metadata may need to be validated upon entry into the code, such as: specified quantities such as size, length, frequency, price, rate, number of operations, time, etc. implied or derived quantities, such as the actual size of a file instead of a specified size indexes, offsets, or positions into more complex data structures symbolic keys or other elements into hash tables, associative arrays, etc. well-formedness, i.e. syntactic correctness - compliance with expected syntax lexical token correctness - compliance with rules for what is treated as a token specified or derived type - the actual type of the input (or what the input appears to be) consistency - between individual data el…
Common Consequences (3)
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)
An attacker could provide unexpected values and cause a program crash or arbitrary control of resource allocation, leading to excessive consumption of resources such as memory and CPU.
Confidentiality Read Memory, Read Files or Directories
An attacker could read confidential data if they are able to control resource references.
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Modify Memory, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
An attacker could use malicious input to modify data or possibly alter control flow in unexpected ways, including arbitrary command execution.
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and Design Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subjec…
Architecture and Design Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Architecture and Design, Implementation Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may b…
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server. Even though clien…
Examples (2)
This example demonstrates a shopping interaction in which the user is free to specify the quantity of items to be purchased and a total is calculated.
... public static final double price = 20.00; int quantity = currentUser.getAttribute("quantity"); double total = price * quantity; chargeUser(total); ...
Bad · Java
This example asks the user for a height and width of an m X n game board with a maximum dimension of 100 squares.
... #define MAX_DIM 100 ... /* board dimensions */ int m,n, error; board_square_t *board; printf("Please specify the board height: \n"); error = scanf("%d", &m); if ( EOF == error ){ die("No integer passed: Die evil hacker!\n"); } printf("Please specify the board width: \n"); error = scanf("%d", &n); if ( EOF == error ){ die("No integer passed: Die evil hacker!\n"); } if ( m > MAX_DIM || n > MAX_DIM ) { die("Value too large: Die evil hacker!\n"); } board = (board_square_t*) malloc( m * n * sizeof(board_square_t)); ...
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2017-12255 Cisco UCS Central Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco UCS Central Software 7.8 - 2017-09-21
CVE-2017-7924 多款Rockwell Automation产品输入验证漏洞 — Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1100 Controllers 7.5 - 2017-09-20
CVE-2017-12217 Cisco ASR 5500 System Architecture Evolution Gateways 安全漏洞 — Cisco ASR 5500 System Architecture Evolution Gateway 5.3 - 2017-09-07
CVE-2017-12218 Cisco Email Security Appliances Advanced Malware Protection 安全漏洞 — Cisco Email Security Appliance 5.8 - 2017-09-07
CVE-2017-12223 Cisco IR800 Integrated Services Router Software 输入验证漏洞 — Cisco IR800 Integrated Services Router 6.4 - 2017-09-07
CVE-2017-6792 Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool 安全漏洞 — Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool 6.5 - 2017-09-07
CVE-2017-6794 Cisco Meeting Server 安全漏洞 — Cisco Meeting Server 6.7 - 2017-09-07
CVE-2017-6795 Cisco ASR 920 Series Aggregation Services Routers IOS XE Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco IOS XE 4.4 - 2017-09-07
CVE-2017-6759 Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool UpgradeManager 输入验证漏洞 — Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool 6.5 - 2017-08-07
CVE-2017-6763 Cisco Meeting Server 安全漏洞 — Cisco Meeting Server 7.5 - 2017-08-07
CVE-2017-6770 多款Cisco产品OSPF LSA Manipulation 输入验证错误漏洞 — Multiple Cisco Products 4.8 - 2017-08-07
CVE-2017-7522 OpenVPN 安全漏洞 — OpenVPN 6.5 - 2017-06-27
CVE-2017-6662 Cisco Prime Infrastructure和Evolved Programmable Network Manager 安全漏洞 — Cisco Prime Infrastructure and Evolved Programmable Network Manager 8.0 - 2017-06-26
CVE-2017-6649 Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switches NX-OS System Software 命令注入漏洞 — Cisco Nexus Series Switches 7.8 - 2017-05-22
CVE-2017-6650 Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switches NX-OS System Software 命令注入漏洞 — Cisco Nexus Series Switches 6.7 - 2017-05-22
CVE-2017-3825 多款Cisco产品TelePresence Collaboration Endpoint Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco TelePresence 7.5 - 2017-05-16
CVE-2017-3873 Cisco Aironet 1800、2800和3800 Series Access Points Plug-and-Play子系统安全漏洞 — Cisco Aironet 1800, 2800, and 3800 Series Access Points 7.5 - 2017-05-16
CVE-2017-6616 Cisco Integrated Management Controller 安全漏洞 — Cisco Integrated Management Controller 8.8 - 2017-04-20
CVE-2017-6619 Cisco Integrated Management Controller 输入验证漏洞 — Cisco Integrated Management Controller 8.8 - 2017-04-20
CVE-2016-9219 Cisco Wireless LAN Controller 输入验证错误漏洞 — Cisco Wireless LAN Controller 7.5 - 2017-04-06
CVE-2017-3852 Cisco IOx Cisco Application-hosting Framework 安全漏洞 — Cisco Application-Hosting Framework 6.5 - 2017-03-22
CVE-2017-3858 Cisco IOS XE Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco IOS XE 8.8 - 2017-03-22
CVE-2017-3849 Cisco IOS和IOS XE Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco IOS and IOS XE 7.4 - 2017-03-21
CVE-2017-3850 Cisco IOS和IOS XE Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco IOS and IOS XE 5.9 - 2017-03-21
CVE-2017-3846 Cisco Tidal Enterprise Scheduler和Workload Automation 输入验证漏洞 — Cisco Workload Automation and Tidal Enterprise Scheduler Client Manager Server 8.6 - 2017-03-15
CVE-2017-3792 多款Cisco产品Cisco TelePresence Software 输入验证漏洞 — Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) software version 4.3(1.68) or later configured for Passthrough content mode 9.8 - 2017-02-01
CVE-2016-9158 Siemens SIMATIC S7-300和S7-400 CPUs 输入验证错误漏洞 — SIMATIC S7-300 CPU family 7.5 - 2016-12-17
CVE-2014-5410 Rockwell Automation Micrologix 1400 Improper Input Validation — Allen-Bradley MicroLogix 1400 7.5 - 2014-10-03
CVE-2014-0761 CG Automation ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway Improper Input Validation — ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway 7.5 - 2014-08-28
CVE-2014-0762 CG Automation ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway Improper Input Validation — ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway 4.6 - 2014-08-28

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-20 (输入验证不恰当) represent 4415 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.