CWE-214 (通过处理环境导致的信息暴露) — Vulnerability Class 18

CWE-214 represents a critical information exposure weakness where sensitive data is inadvertently passed to a new process via command-line arguments or environment variables. Because many operating systems permit users to inspect the process lists of other users, attackers can easily retrieve this visible information to extract credentials, tokens, or other confidential details. This vulnerability is typically exploited by monitoring active processes to harvest sensitive parameters that were intended to remain private within the application’s execution context. To mitigate this risk, developers should avoid embedding secrets in process invocations entirely. Instead, they must utilize secure mechanisms such as reading sensitive data from protected files, using dedicated secure memory buffers, or leveraging operating system-specific secure storage APIs that ensure data remains inaccessible to other processes and unauthorized users.