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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5186

5186 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-54708 Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Path Traversal in FreePBX Backup Module — security-reporting 8.6 High 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-54675 FreePBX: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via File Upload and Convert in Soundlang Module — security-reporting 8.7 High 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101894 @xhmikosr/decompress: Path traversal via symlink chain — decompress 9.1 Critical 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101082 PMWeb downloader.aspx path traversal — PMWeb 5.3 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101080 Tencent AI-Infra-Guard File Access dir_actions.py startsWith path traversal — AI-Infra-Guard 4.8 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-90925 Path Traversal in Innotim Software's Logsign SIEM — Logsign SIEM 7.1 High 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-85185 Path traversal in LXD btrfs storage driver allows arbitrary file deletion and write on host as root — LXD 9.6 Critical 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-85526 Path traversal via Btrfs optimized-backup subvolumes[].path enables root file/dir manipulation in LXD — LXD 9.9 Critical 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-86334 CLI Path Traversal via Content-Disposition in LXD Image Export/Copy — LXD 4.2 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-15953 Path Traversal During Project Archive Import — Protection and control IED manager (PCM600) 5.0 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101070 dbgate Files Endpoint runners.js files path traversal — dbgate 5.3 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-73642 Path Traversal in Dayforce ESS Excelity — ESS Excelity 9.2 Critical 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101069 dbgate Export databaseConnections.js exportModelSql path traversal — dbgate 6.5 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101068 dbgate Create Connection Endpoint zipJsonLinesData.js zipJsonLinesData path traversal — dbgate 6.5 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101067 dbgate save-uploaded-file Endpoint files.js saveUploadedFile path traversal — dbgate 7.3 High 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101066 dbgate Archive Link Creation archive.js createLink path traversal — dbgate 7.3 High 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-19444 Kubernetes kubectl cp path traversal on Windows allows arbitrary file writes — Kubernetes 6.5 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101036 FLB-Music FLB-Music-Player createParsedTrack.ts path.join path traversal — FLB-Music-Player 5.3 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-82915 Path Traversal in Bimser Solution Software's eBA Plus — eBA Plus Document and Workflow Management System 6.5 Medium 2026-09-28
CVE-2026-101051 Cloudreve before 4.16.1 Path Traversal via Remote Download — cloudreve 3.1 Low 2026-09-27
CVE-2026-101044 pacquet before 12.0.0-alpha.5 Path Traversal via lockfile alias — pnpm 7.1 High 2026-09-27
CVE-2026-97164 Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Path Traversal in Clear Cache task in Event Gallery extension < 6.5.0 — Event Gallery for Joomla 7.0 High 2026-09-27
CVE-2026-97161 Joomla Extension - lomart.fr - Various path traversal / file access vectors in UP plugin extension 5.0.0-5.2.0, 6.0.0-6.0.29 — UP plugin for Joomla 9.2 Critical 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-97163 Joomla Extension - lomart.fr - Unauthenticated remote code installation in UP plugin extension 5.0.0-5.2.0, 6.0.0-6.0.29 — UP plugin for Joomla 10.0 Critical 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100707 Kyverno before 1.19.1 Namespace Isolation Bypass via Percent-Encoded Path — kyverno 7.7 High 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100689 GitPython before 3.1.62 Path Traversal via gitmodules path — GitPython 5.9 Medium 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100682 Budibase Server before 3.45.0 Arbitrary File Write via ZIP Symlink — server 8.8 High 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100636 SiYuan before v3.8.4 Path Traversal via exportBrowserHTML folder — siyuan 7.6 High 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100549 OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 Path Traversal via QQBot voice filenames — OpenClaw 5.4 Medium 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100536 OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 Path Traversal via Structured Attachments — OpenClaw 6.5 Medium 2026-09-26

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5186 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.