CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-38451	FreshTomato 路径遍历漏洞 — FreshTomato	7.5	-	2023-01-30
CVE-2022-25936	servst 路径遍历漏洞 — servst	7.5	High	2023-01-30
CVE-2022-0223	Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Power Build 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Power Commission	6.5	Medium	2023-01-30
CVE-2022-22731	Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Power Commission 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Power Commission	6.5	Medium	2023-01-30
CVE-2022-2712	Eclipse GlassFish 路径遍历漏洞 — Eclipse GlassFish	6.5	Medium	2023-01-27
CVE-2022-40701	Siretta QUARTZ-GOLD 路径遍历漏洞 — QUARTZ-GOLD	8.1	-	2023-01-26
CVE-2022-38088	Siretta QUARTZ-GOLD 路径遍历漏洞 — QUARTZ-GOLD	6.5	-	2023-01-26
CVE-2022-39045	Siretta QUARTZ-GOLD 路径遍历漏洞 — QUARTZ-GOLD	8.8	-	2023-01-26
CVE-2022-41154	Siretta QUARTZ-GOLD 路径遍历漏洞 — QUARTZ-GOLD	9.1	-	2023-01-26
CVE-2022-43864	IBM Business Automation Workflow information disclosure — Business Monitor	7.5	High	2023-01-25
CVE-2022-4510	Path Traversal in binwalk — binwalk	7.8	High	2023-01-25
CVE-2022-25882	Open Neural Network Exchange 路径遍历漏洞 — onnx	7.5	High	2023-01-25
CVE-2022-21192	serve-lite 路径遍历漏洞 — serve-lite	7.5	High	2023-01-25
CVE-2023-23608	spotipy Path traversal vulnerability that may lead to type confusion in URI handling code — spotipy	-	-	2023-01-24
CVE-2023-0126	SonicWALL SMA1000 series 路径遍历漏洞 — SonicWall SMA1000	7.5	-	2023-01-19
CVE-2023-0290	Rapid7 Velociraptor directory traversal in client ID parameter — Velociraptor	4.3	-	2023-01-18
CVE-2020-36651	youngerheart nodeserver nodeserver.js path traversal — nodeserver	5.5	Medium	2023-01-18
CVE-2022-2893	RONDS EPM 路径遍历漏洞 — Equipment Predictive Maintenance Solution	8.2	High	2023-01-17
CVE-2014-125080	frontaccounting faplanet path traversal — faplanet	5.5	Medium	2023-01-16
CVE-2015-10043	abreen Apollo path traversal — Apollo	5.5	Medium	2023-01-14
CVE-2022-41956	Autolab is vulnerable to file disclosure via remote handin feature — Autolab	6.5	Medium	2023-01-14
CVE-2022-23532	neo4j-apoc-procedures is vulnerable to path traversal — neo4j-apoc-procedures	7.1	High	2023-01-14
CVE-2022-42287	NVIDIA BMC 代码问题漏洞 — NVIDIA DGX servers	6.0	Medium	2023-01-13
CVE-2022-42282	NVIDIA BMC 安全漏洞 — NVIDIA DGX servers	6.5	Medium	2023-01-13
CVE-2022-42280	NVIDIA BMC 路径遍历漏洞 — NVIDIA DGX servers	7.1	High	2023-01-13
CVE-2022-4885	sviehb jefferson path traversal — jefferson	5.0	Medium	2023-01-11
CVE-2022-4636	BlackBox 路径遍历漏洞 — KVM ACR1020A-T	7.5	High	2023-01-10
CVE-2022-45093	Siemens SINEC NMS 路径遍历漏洞 — SINEC INS	8.5	High	2023-01-10
CVE-2022-45092	Siemens SINEC NMS 路径遍历漏洞 — SINEC INS	9.9	Critical	2023-01-10
CVE-2022-43514	Siemens Automation License Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Automation License Manager V5	7.7	High	2023-01-10

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.