CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-29511	Lansweeper 路径遍历漏洞 — lansweeper	6.5	-	2022-12-19
CVE-2022-29517	Lansweeper 路径遍历漏洞 — lansweeper	9.9	Critical	2022-12-19
CVE-2022-32573	Lansweeper 路径遍历漏洞 — lansweeper	9.9	Critical	2022-12-19
CVE-2022-4594	drogatkin TJWS2 WarRoller.java deployWar path traversal — TJWS2	6.3	Medium	2022-12-18
CVE-2022-4572	UBI Reader UBIFS File output.py ubireader_extract_files path traversal — UBI Reader	5.4	Medium	2022-12-17
CVE-2022-4583	jLEMS JUtil.java unpackJar path traversal — jLEMS	6.3	Medium	2022-12-17
CVE-2022-23530	GuardDog vulnerable to arbitrary file write when scanning a specially-crafted remote PyPI package — guarddog	5.8	Medium	2022-12-16
CVE-2022-4511	RainyGao DocSys path traversal — DocSys	5.3	Medium	2022-12-15
CVE-2022-23512	Metersphere is vulnerable to Path Injection. — metersphere	7.7	High	2022-12-14
CVE-2022-34271	Apache Atlas: zip path traversal in import functionality — Apache Atlas	8.1	-	2022-12-14
CVE-2022-4493	scifio ZIP File DefaultSampleFilesService.java downloadAndUnpackResource path traversal — scifio	6.3	Medium	2022-12-14
CVE-2022-4494	bspkrs MCPMappingViewer ZIP File RemoteZipHandler.java extractZip path traversal — MCPMappingViewer	6.3	Medium	2022-12-14
CVE-2022-46255	Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to RCE — GitHub Enterprise Server	9.8	-	2022-12-14
CVE-2022-46256	Path traversal in GitHub Enterprise Server leading to remote code execution in GitHub Pages — GitHub Enterprise Server	8.8	-	2022-12-14
CVE-2022-40264	Mitsubishi Electric GENESIS64 路径遍历漏洞 — GENESIS64	6.3	Medium	2022-12-13
CVE-2022-4402	RainyGao DocSys ZIP File Decompression path traversal — DocSys	4.7	Medium	2022-12-11
CVE-2022-45829	WordPress Easy WP SMTP Plugin <= 1.5.1 is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Deletion — Easy WP SMTP	8.7	High	2022-12-06
CVE-2022-45833	WordPress Easy WP SMTP Plugin <= 1.5.1 is vulnerable to Directory Traversal — Easy WP SMTP	6.8	Medium	2022-12-06
CVE-2022-46154	Arbitrary file access in KodExplorer — KodExplorer	8.6	High	2022-12-06
CVE-2022-23470	Arbitrary file access in the Galaxy data analysis platform — galaxy	8.6	High	2022-12-06
CVE-2022-2969	ICSA-22-307-03 Delta Industrial Automation DIALink Path traversal — DIALink	8.1	High	2022-12-01
CVE-2022-29837	Path traversal Vulnerability in Western Digital My Cloud Home, My Cloud Home Duo and SanDisk ibi Devices — My Cloud Home	4.7	Medium	2022-12-01
CVE-2022-3361	Ultimate Member – User Profile, User Registration, Login & Membership Plugin <= 2.5.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Directory Traversal via Shortcodes — Ultimate Member – User Profile, Registration, Login, Member Directory, Content Restriction & Membership Plugin	4.3	Medium	2022-11-29
CVE-2022-4031	Simple:Press <= 6.8 - Authenticated (Admin+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Modification — Simple:Press Forum	3.8	Low	2022-11-29
CVE-2022-4030	Simple:Press <= 6.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Deletion — Simple:Press Forum	8.1	High	2022-11-29
CVE-2022-44635	Apache Fineract allowed an authenticated user to perform remote code execution due to path traversal — Apache Fineract	8.8	-	2022-11-29
CVE-2022-41158	eyoom builder Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — eyoom builder	7.2	High	2022-11-25
CVE-2022-40977	PILZ: PASvisu and PMI affected by ZipSlip — PASvisu	7.5	High	2022-11-24
CVE-2022-40976	PILZ: Multiple products affected by ZipSlip — PAScal	5.5	Medium	2022-11-24
CVE-2022-44749	Opening workflows from untrusted resources may override arbitrary file system contents — KNIME Analytics Platform	5.5	Medium	2022-11-24

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.