CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-44748	Uploading workflows to KNIME Server may override arbitrary file system contents — KNIME Server	7.1	High	2022-11-24
CVE-2022-4065	cbeust testng XML File Parser JarFileUtils.java testngXmlExistsInJar path traversal — testng	5.5	Medium	2022-11-19
CVE-2022-41840	WordPress Welcart eCommerce plugin <= 2.7.7 - Unauth. Directory Traversal vulnerability — Welcart e-Commerce (WordPress plugin)	7.5	High	2022-11-18
CVE-2022-3090	Red Lion Controls Crimson 路径遍历漏洞 — Crimson 3.0	7.5	High	2022-11-17
CVE-2022-41920	Zip slip in Lancet — lancet	6.3	Medium	2022-11-17
CVE-2022-39347	Missing path sanitation with `drive` channel in FreeRDP — FreeRDP	2.6	Low	2022-11-16
CVE-2022-3966	Ultimate Member Plugin Template class-shortcodes.php load_template pathname traversal — Ultimate Member Plugin	4.3	Medium	2022-11-13
CVE-2022-3976	MZ Automation libiec61850 MMS File Services mms_client_files.c path traversal — libiec61850	5.5	Medium	2022-11-13
CVE-2022-3939	lanyulei ferry API file.go path traversal — ferry	6.3	Medium	2022-11-11
CVE-2022-3940	lanyulei ferry task.go path traversal — ferry	3.5	Low	2022-11-11
CVE-2022-41607	ETIC Telecom Remote Access Server Path Traversal — Remote Access Server (RAS)	6.2	Medium	2022-11-10
CVE-2022-43753	SUMA/UYUNI arbitrary file disclosure vulnerability in ScapResultDownload — SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SUSE Manager Server 4.2	4.3	Medium	2022-11-10
CVE-2022-31255	SUMA/UYUNI directory path traversal vulnerability in CobblerSnipperViewAction — SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SUSE Manager Server 4.2	4.3	Medium	2022-11-10
CVE-2022-39037	FLOWRING Agentflow BPM - Path Traversal — Agentflow BPM	7.5	High	2022-11-10
CVE-2022-38120	POWERCOM CO., LTD. UPSMON PRO - Path Traversal — UPSMON PRO	6.5	Medium	2022-11-10
CVE-2022-29836	Post-Auth Path Traversal Vulnerability Allows to Custom Package Installation via HTTP API — My Cloud Home	1.9	Low	2022-11-09
CVE-2022-41212	SAP NetWeaver和SAP NetWeaver Application Server 路径遍历漏洞 — SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and ABAP Platform	4.9	-	2022-11-08
CVE-2020-12509	s::can moni::tools prone to path traversal in camera-file module — moni::tools	7.5	High	2022-11-07
CVE-2020-12508	s::can moni::tools prone to path traversal in image-relocator module — moni::tools	7.5	High	2022-11-07
CVE-2022-2711	WP All Import < 3.6.9 - Admin+ Directory traversal via file upload — Import any XML or CSV File to WordPress	7.2	-	2022-11-07
CVE-2022-37866	Apache Ivy allows path traversal in the presence of a malicious repository — Apache Ivy	7.5	-	2022-11-07
CVE-2022-41667	Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert	7.0	High	2022-11-04
CVE-2022-41670	Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert	7.0	High	2022-11-04
CVE-2022-32287	Apache UIMA prior to 3.3.1 has a path traversal vulnerability when extracting (PEAR) archives — Apache UIMA	9.1	-	2022-11-03
CVE-2021-45448	Pentaho Business Analytics Server - Pentaho Analyzer plugin exposes a service endpoint for templates which allows a user supplied path to access resources that are out of bounds. — Pentaho Business Analytics Server	7.1	High	2022-11-02
CVE-2022-34662	Apache DolphinScheduler prior to 3.0.0 allows path traversal — Apache DolphinScheduler	6.5	-	2022-11-01
CVE-2022-41772	Delta Electronics InfraSuite Device Master 路径遍历漏洞 — InfraSuite Device Master	9.8	Critical	2022-10-31
CVE-2022-41657	Delta Electronics InfraSuite Device Master 路径遍历漏洞 — InfraSuite Device Master	9.8	Critical	2022-10-31
CVE-2022-39023	e-Excellence Inc. U-Office Force - Path Traversal — U-Office Force	6.5	Medium	2022-10-31
CVE-2022-39022	e-Excellence Inc. U-Office Force - Path Traversal — U-Office Force	6.5	Medium	2022-10-31

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.