CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-26884	Apache DolphinScheduler exposes files without authentication — Apache DolphinScheduler	6.5	-	2022-10-28
CVE-2022-39367	Vulnerability in handling of uploaded QTI ZIP files — qtiworks	8.6	High	2022-10-28
CVE-2022-3387	Advantech R-SeeNet 路径遍历漏洞 — R-SeeNet	6.5	Medium	2022-10-27
CVE-2022-0072	Directory Traversal in OpenLiteSpeed Web Server — OpenLiteSpeed Web Server	5.8	Medium	2022-10-27
CVE-2022-20822	Cisco Identity Services Engine Unauthorized File Access Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software	7.1	High	2022-10-26
CVE-2022-43748	Synology Presto File Server 路径遍历漏洞 — Presto File Server	5.8	Medium	2022-10-26
CVE-2022-33897	Robustel R1510 路径遍历漏洞 — R1510	9.1	-	2022-10-25
CVE-2022-38196	BUG-000150537 - ArcGIS Server has a local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability — ArcGIS Server	6.5	Medium	2022-10-25
CVE-2022-39345	Gin-vue-admin arbitrary file upload vulnerability caused by path traversal — gin-vue-admin	9.8	Critical	2022-10-25
CVE-2022-41780	F5OS CLI vulnerability CVE-2022-41780 — F5OS-A	5.5	Medium	2022-10-19
CVE-2022-39058	Changing Information Technology Inc. RAVA certificate validation system - Path Traversal — RAVA certificate validation system	7.5	High	2022-10-18
CVE-2022-38424	Adobe ColdFusion Application Server Directory Traversal Arbitrary file system write — ColdFusion	7.2	High	2022-10-14
CVE-2022-38421	Adobe ColdFusion Application Server Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — ColdFusion	7.2	High	2022-10-14
CVE-2022-38422	Adobe ColdFusion Application Server Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — ColdFusion	7.5	High	2022-10-14
CVE-2022-38423	Adobe ColdFusion Application Server Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability — ColdFusion	4.9	Medium	2022-10-14
CVE-2022-38418	Adobe ColdFusion Application Server Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — ColdFusion	9.8	Critical	2022-10-14
CVE-2021-22685	Cassia Networks Access Controller Path Traversal — Access Controller	6.2	Medium	2022-10-14
CVE-2021-20030	SonicWALL Global Management System 路径遍历漏洞 — SonicWall GMS	9.1	-	2022-10-13
CVE-2022-34430	Dell Hybrid Client 安全漏洞 — Dell Hybrid Client (DHC)	7.1	High	2022-10-11
CVE-2022-34426	Dell Container Storage Modules 路径遍历漏洞 — Dell Container Storage Modules	8.8	High	2022-10-11
CVE-2022-39296	Path traversal in MelisAssetManager — melis-asset-manager	8.6	High	2022-10-11
CVE-2022-39802	SAP Manufacturing Execution 路径遍历漏洞 — SAP Manufacturing Execution	6.5	-	2022-10-11
CVE-2022-2554	Enable Media Replace < 4.0.0 - Admin+ Path Traversal — Enable Media Replace	4.9	-	2022-10-10
CVE-2022-39858	SAMSUNG Mobile devices 路径遍历漏洞 — FactoryCamera	7.3	High	2022-10-07
CVE-2022-3389	Path Traversal in ikus060/rdiffweb — ikus060/rdiffweb	7.5	-	2022-10-06
CVE-2022-34429	Dell Hybrid Client 路径遍历漏洞 — Dell Hybrid Client (DHC)	6.5	Medium	2022-09-30
CVE-2022-20850	Cisco SD-WAN Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Cisco SD-WAN Solution	5.5	Medium	2022-09-30
CVE-2022-39033	Smart eVision - Path Traversal -1 — Smart eVision	9.8	Critical	2022-09-28
CVE-2022-39034	Smart eVision - Path Traversal -2 — Smart eVision	6.5	Medium	2022-09-28
CVE-2022-39261	Twig may load a template outside a configured directory when using the filesystem loader — Twig	7.5	High	2022-09-28

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.