CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-2926	Download Manager < 3.2.55 - Admin+ Arbitrary File/Folder Access via Path Traversal — Download Manager	4.9	-	2022-09-26
CVE-2022-29799	FacturaScripts 路径遍历漏洞 — networkd-dispatcher	5.5	-	2022-09-21
CVE-2022-39221	Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') McWebserver Minecraft Mod — McWebserver	7.5	High	2022-09-20
CVE-2022-39210	Access to internal files of the Nextcloud Android app — security-advisories	3.2	Low	2022-09-16
CVE-2022-2863	WPvivid Backup < 0.9.76 - Admin+ Arbitrary File Read — Migration, Backup, Staging – WPvivid	4.9	-	2022-09-16
CVE-2022-39215	The readDir Endpoint Scope can be Bypassed With Symbolic Links in Tauri — tauri	8.3	High	2022-09-15
CVE-2022-36113	Extracting malicious crates can corrupt arbitrary files — cargo	4.6	Medium	2022-09-14
CVE-2022-2943	WordPress Infinite Scroll – Ajax Load More <= 5.5.3 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Read — Ajax Load More – Infinite Scroll, Load More, & Lazy Load	4.9	Medium	2022-09-06
CVE-2022-2945	WordPress Infinite Scroll – Ajax Load More <= 5.5.3 - Directory Traversal — Ajax Load More – Infinite Scroll, Load More, & Lazy Load	4.9	Medium	2022-09-06
CVE-2022-25371	Unauth Path Traversal with file corruption affecting the Birt plugin of Apache OFBiz — Apache OFBiz	9.8	-	2022-09-02
CVE-2022-36035	Flux CLI Workload Injection — flux2	7.7	High	2022-08-31
CVE-2022-34375	Dell Container Storage Modules 路径遍历漏洞 — Dell Container Storage Modules	8.8	High	2022-08-30
CVE-2022-2261	WPide < 3.0 - Admin+ Local File Inclusion — WPIDE – File Manager & Code Editor	7.2	-	2022-08-29
CVE-2022-2464	ISaGRAF Workbench Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') CWE-22 — ISaGRAF Workbench	7.7	High	2022-08-25
CVE-2022-2463	ISaGRAF Workbench Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') CWE-22 — ISaGRAF Workbench	6.1	Medium	2022-08-25
CVE-2022-30547	WWBN AVideo 路径遍历漏洞 — AVideo	8.8	-	2022-08-22
CVE-2022-2557	WordPress Team Members Showcase < 4.1.2 - Subscriber+ Arbitrary File Read and Deletion — Team – WordPress Team Members Showcase Plugin	8.8	-	2022-08-22
CVE-2022-34254	Adobe Commerce Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory Arbitrary code execution — Magento Commerce	9.6	-	2022-08-16
CVE-2022-36007	Partial Path Traversal in com.github.jlangch:venice — venice	6.1	Medium	2022-08-14
CVE-2022-34365	Dell Wyse Management Suite 路径遍历漏洞 — Wyse Management Suite	6.5	Medium	2022-08-10
CVE-2022-20816	Cisco Unified Communications Manager Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Communications Manager	6.5	Medium	2022-08-10
CVE-2021-27798	privileged directory transversal.in Brocade Fabric OS versions 7.4.1.x and 7.3.x — Brocade Fabric OS	5.5	-	2022-08-05
CVE-2022-36831	SAMSUNG Mobile devices 路径遍历漏洞 — Samsung notes	6.2	Medium	2022-08-05
CVE-2022-31473	BIG-IP APM Appliance mode vulnerability CVE-2022-31473 — BIG-IP APM	6.8	Medium	2022-08-04
CVE-2022-2653	Path Traversal in plankanban/planka — plankanban/planka	6.5	-	2022-08-04
CVE-2022-35216	ITPison OMICARD EDM - Use of Hard-coded Credentials — OMICARD EDM	7.5	High	2022-08-04
CVE-2022-32963	ITPison OMICARD EDM - Path Traversal-1 — OMICARD EDM	7.5	High	2022-08-04
CVE-2022-27621	Synology USB Copy 路径遍历漏洞 — USB Copy	5.5	Medium	2022-08-03
CVE-2022-27620	Synology SSO Server 路径遍历漏洞 — SSO Server	6.8	Medium	2022-08-03
CVE-2022-27618	Synology Storage Analyzer 路径遍历漏洞 — Storage Analyzer	6.8	Medium	2022-08-03

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.