CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-27617	Synology Calendar 路径遍历漏洞 — Synology Calendar	5.0	Medium	2022-08-03
CVE-2022-35920	Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory in sanic — sanic	8.3	High	2022-08-01
CVE-2022-35918	Streamlit directory traversal vulnerability — streamlit	6.5	Medium	2022-08-01
CVE-2022-31195	Path traversal vulnerability in Simple Archive Format package import in DSpace — DSpace	7.2	High	2022-08-01
CVE-2022-31194	Path traversal vulnerabilities in DSpace JSPUI submission upload — DSpace	8.2	High	2022-08-01
CVE-2022-2184	CAPTCHA 4WP < 7.1.0 - Local File Inclusion via CSRF — CAPTCHA 4WP	8.8	-	2022-08-01
CVE-2022-35919	Authenticated requests for server update admin API allows path traversal in minio — minio	7.4	High	2022-08-01
CVE-2022-27611	Synology Audio Station 路径遍历漏洞 — Audio Station	5.4	Medium	2022-07-28
CVE-2022-22685	Synology WebDAV Server 路径遍历漏洞 — WebDAV Server	8.7	High	2022-07-28
CVE-2022-27615	Synology DNS Server 路径遍历漏洞 — DNS Server	7.7	High	2022-07-28
CVE-2022-27610	Synology DiskStation Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — DiskStation Manager (DSM)	6.5	Medium	2022-07-27
CVE-2022-35650	Moodle 输入验证错误漏洞 — Moodle	7.5	-	2022-07-25
CVE-2017-20145	Tecrail Responsive Filemanger path traversal — Responsive Filemanger	6.3	Medium	2022-07-25
CVE-2022-0902	ABB Flow Computer and Remote Controllers Path Traversal Vulnerability in Totalflow TCP protocol can lead to root access — RMC-100 (Standard)	8.1	High	2022-07-21
CVE-2022-31163	TZInfo relative path traversal vulnerability allows loading of arbitrary files — tzinfo	7.5	High	2022-07-21
CVE-2022-29834	ICONICS GENESIS64 路径遍历漏洞 — GENESIS64	7.5	High	2022-07-20
CVE-2022-1264	Inductive Automation Ignition — Ignition	6.8	Medium	2022-07-20
CVE-2022-2030	Zyxel USG FLEX 路径遍历漏洞 — USG FLEX 100(W) firmware	6.5	Medium	2022-07-19
CVE-2022-31159	Partial Path Traversal in com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-s3 — aws-sdk-java	7.9	High	2022-07-15
CVE-2022-34762	多款Schneider Electric产品路径遍历漏洞 — OPC UA Modicon Communication Module	5.9	Medium	2022-07-13
CVE-2017-20105	Simplessus path traversal — Simplessus	5.4	Medium	2022-06-28
CVE-2017-20102	Album Lock getImage path traversal — Album Lock	4.4	Medium	2022-06-27
CVE-2022-1953	Product Configurator for WooCommerce < 1.2.32 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion — Product Configurator for WooCommerce	9.1	-	2022-06-27
CVE-2022-2119	OFFIS DCMTK Path Traversal — DCMTK	7.5	High	2022-06-24
CVE-2013-1891	OpenCart 路径遍历漏洞 — opencart	9.1	-	2022-06-24
CVE-2022-1518	3.2.2 IMPROPER LIMITATION OF A PATHNAME TO A RESTRICTED DIRECTORY ('PATH TRAVERSAL') CWE-22 — NextSeq 550Dx	10.0	Critical	2022-06-24
CVE-2022-30117	PortlandLabs Concrete CMS 路径遍历漏洞 — https://github.com/concrete5/concrete5	9.1	-	2022-06-24
CVE-2022-31062	Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion — glpi-inventory-plugin	5.3	Medium	2022-06-20
CVE-2022-1657	JupiterX Theme <= 2.0.6 and Jupiter Theme <= 6.10.1 - Authenticated Path Traversal and Local File Inclusion — Jupiter	8.8	High	2022-06-13
CVE-2022-29094	Dell SupportAssist Client 路径遍历漏洞 — SupportAssist Client Consumer	7.1	High	2022-06-10

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.