CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2022-1119	Simple File List <= 3.2.7 - Arbitrary File Download — Simple File List	7.5	High	2022-04-19
CVE-2022-20720	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20721	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20722	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20723	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20724	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20725	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20726	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20727	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20677	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20718	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-20719	Cisco IOx Application Hosting Environment Vulnerabilities — Cisco IOS	5.5	Medium	2022-04-15
CVE-2022-24843	Path Traversal in github.com/flipped-aurora/gin-vue-admin — gin-vue-admin	7.5	High	2022-04-13
CVE-2022-27657	SAP Focused Run 路径遍历漏洞 — SAP Focused Run (Simple Diagnostics Agent)	2.7	-	2022-04-12
CVE-2022-0436	Path Traversal in gruntjs/grunt — gruntjs/grunt	5.5	-	2022-04-12
CVE-2022-28544	Samsung Galaxy Store路径遍历漏洞 — Galaxy Store	6.2	Medium	2022-04-11
CVE-2022-28543	Samsung Flow 路径遍历漏洞 — Samsung Flow	4.0	Medium	2022-04-11
CVE-2022-28541	Samsung Update 代码问题漏洞 — Samsung Update	5.9	Medium	2022-04-11
CVE-2021-36288	Dell Vnx2 Oe For File 路径遍历漏洞 — VNX2	8.6	High	2022-04-08
CVE-2022-26675	aEnrich a+HRD - Path Traversal — a+HRD	7.5	High	2022-04-07
CVE-2022-23971	ASUS RT-AX56U - Path Traversal — RT-AX56U	8.1	High	2022-04-07
CVE-2022-23970	ASUS RT-AX56U - Path Traversal — RT-AX56U	8.1	High	2022-04-07
CVE-2021-32981	AVEVA System Platform Path Traversal — AVEVA System Platform	7.2	High	2022-04-04
CVE-2022-1166	JobMonster < 4.6.6.1 - Directory Listing in Upload Folder — Noo JobMonster	5.3	-	2022-04-04
CVE-2022-24785	Path Traversal in Moment.js — moment	7.5	High	2022-04-04
CVE-2022-0679	Narnoo Distributor <= 2.5.1 - Unauthenticated LFI to Arbitrary File Read / RCE — Narnoo Distributor	9.8	-	2022-03-28
CVE-2022-0493	String Locator < 2.5.0 - Admin+ Arbitrary File Read — String locator	4.9	-	2022-03-28
CVE-2021-24962	WordPress File Upload < 4.16.3 - Contributor+ Path Traversal to RCE — WordPress File Upload	8.8	-	2022-03-28
CVE-2021-22797	Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Control Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — EcoStruxure Control Expert	7.8	High	2022-03-28
CVE-2021-22794	Schneider Electric StruxureWare Data Center Expert 路径遍历漏洞 — StruxureWare Data Center Expert	9.1	Critical	2022-03-28

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.