CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5197

5197 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2020-6109	Zoom Client 路径遍历漏洞 — Zoom	9.8	-	2020-06-08
CVE-2020-8159	actionpack_page-caching gem 路径遍历漏洞 — https://github.com/rails/actionpack-page_caching	9.8	-	2020-05-12
CVE-2020-3187	Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Web Services Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software	9.1	-	2020-05-06
CVE-2020-10634	SAE IT-systems FW-50 Remote Telemetry Unit 路径遍历漏洞 — SAE IT-systems FW-50 Remote Telemetry Unit (RTU)	9.1	-	2020-05-05
CVE-2020-1631	Out of Cycle Security Advisory: Junos OS: Security vulnerability in J-Web and web based (HTTP/HTTPS) services — Junos OS	8.8	High	2020-05-04
CVE-2020-10691	Ansible 路径遍历漏洞 — Ansible	5.2	Medium	2020-04-30
CVE-2019-19102	Zip Slip vulnerability in 3rd-Party library in B&R Automation Studio upgrade service — Automation Studio	5.5	Medium	2020-04-29
CVE-2020-3177	Cisco Unified Communications Manager Path Traversal Vulnerability — Cisco Unified Communications Manager	7.5	-	2020-04-15
CVE-2020-6974	Honeywell Notifier Web Server 路径遍历漏洞 — Honeywell Notifier Web Server (NWS)	9.8	-	2020-04-07
CVE-2020-8144	Ubiquiti Networks UniFi Video Controller 路径遍历漏洞 — UniFi Video Controller (for Windows 7/8/10 x64)	8.4	-	2020-04-01
CVE-2020-10696	Buildah 路径遍历漏洞 — buildah	8.8	High	2020-03-31
CVE-2020-7478	Schneider Electric Interactive Graphical SCADA System 路径遍历漏洞 — IGSS (Interactive Graphical SCADA System) (IGSS Version prior to 14.0.0.20009)	7.5	-	2020-03-23
CVE-2020-1735	Ansible 路径遍历漏洞 — ansible	4.2	Medium	2020-03-16
CVE-2019-19290	Siemens SiNVR 3 Central Control Server和SiNVR 3 Video Server 路径遍历漏洞 — Control Center Server (CCS)	6.5	Medium	2020-03-10
CVE-2019-19296	Siemens SiNVR 3 Central Control Server 路径遍历漏洞 — SiNVR/SiVMS Video Server	6.8	Medium	2020-03-10
CVE-2019-19297	Siemens SiNVR 3 Central Control Server和SiNVR 3 Video Server 路径遍历漏洞 — SiNVR/SiVMS Video Server	7.5	High	2020-03-10
CVE-2020-1737	Ansible 路径遍历漏洞 — Ansible	7.5	High	2020-03-09
CVE-2019-3696	pcp: Local privilege escalation from user pcp to root through migrate_tempdirs — SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15-ESPOS	8.4	High	2020-03-03
CVE-2019-7007	Avaya Equinox Conferencing Management (iView) Directory Traversal Vulnerability — Equinox Conferencing Management (iView)	7.5	High	2020-02-28
CVE-2020-8131	Yarn 路径遍历漏洞 — yarn	8.8	-	2020-02-24
CVE-2020-6768	Path Traversal in Bosch Video Management System (BVMS) — DIVAR IP 3000	8.6	High	2020-02-07
CVE-2020-5720	MikroTik WinBox 路径遍历漏洞 — MikroTik WinBox	5.9	-	2020-02-06
CVE-2020-6767	Path Traversal in Bosch Video Management System (BVMS) — DIVAR IP 3000	7.7	High	2020-02-06
CVE-2020-5221	Directory Traversal (Chroot Escape) vulnerability in uftpd — uftpd	6.5	Medium	2020-01-22
CVE-2019-10934	Siemens TIA Portal 路径遍历漏洞 — TIA Portal V14	7.8	-	2020-01-16
CVE-2020-1606	Junos OS: Path traversal vulnerability in J-Web — Junos OS	5.4	Medium	2020-01-15
CVE-2019-15980	Cisco Data Center Network Manager Path Traversal Vulnerabilities — Cisco Data Center Network Manager	7.2	-	2020-01-06
CVE-2019-15981	Cisco Data Center Network Manager Path Traversal Vulnerabilities — Cisco Data Center Network Manager	7.2	-	2020-01-06
CVE-2019-15982	Cisco Data Center Network Manager Path Traversal Vulnerabilities — Cisco Data Center Network Manager	7.2	-	2020-01-06
CVE-2019-7483	SonicWall SMA100 路径遍历漏洞 — SMA100	7.5	-	2019-12-19

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5197 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.