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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5186

5186 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-9827 TOTOLINK X2000R V1.0.0 任意文件写入漏洞 — Totolink 9.1 Critical 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113719 virtualenv: Seed replacement does not contain metadata deletion paths — virtualenv 4.5 Medium 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113672 Argo CD: A Jsonnet import can read files from the repo-server — argo-cd 9.9 Critical 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-105772 Arbitrary file read and write in Google ADK TypeScript (@google/adk) FileArtifactService via path traversal in userId and sessionId — ADK TypeScript (@google/adk) 9.1 Critical 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113664 ApostropheCMS import-export tar guard misses './..' because it is a literal '../' substring test — apostrophe 5.3 Medium 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113651 ApostropheCMS: Path traversal in uploadfs — apostrophe 3.3 Low 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113505 aaPanel Download Endpoint v2.py send_file path traversal — aaPanel 4.3 Medium 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113613 FlexGet before 3.20.7 Path Traversal (Zip Slip) via decompress plugin — FlexGet 8.1 High 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-112950 Vitest: Windows backslash traversal bypasses the @vitest/mocker redirect allowlist fix — vitest 5.9 Medium 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-112947 Vite: First 4 bytes of files outside of `server.fs` setting is exposed by `?vite-wasm-instance` — vite 6.3 Medium 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-112946 Vite: Files outside `server.fs.allow` could be served when project paths match system paths on non-Windows machine — vite 6.3 Medium 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-92162 Flatpak vulnerable to path traversal via unvalidated "arch" parameter in DeployAppstream — flatpak 7.2 High 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113395 DrayTek Vigor2960 swmconfigupload mainfunction.cgi cgiEscape path traversal — Vigor2960 7.4 High 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113394 DrayTek Vigor2960 mainfunction.cgi setSWMProfile path traversal — Vigor2960 7.4 High 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113392 DrayTek Vigor2960 Apmupload mainfunction.cgi path traversal — Vigor2960 7.4 High 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-113352 uTox through 0.18.1 Path Traversal via Auto-Accepted File Transfers — uTox 7.5 High 2026-10-20
CVE-2026-112372 H3C Magic NX15 upload importprofile path traversal — Magic NX15 6.6 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-53995 MLflow 3.17.1 and prior Path Traversal via Trace ID API — mlflow 8.2 High 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-112302 kiwilan php-archive Extraction ArchiveZip.php extract path traversal — php-archive 6.3 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-112248 grandnode grandnode2 Excel Import ProductImportDataObject.PrepareProductPictures path traversal — grandnode2 4.7 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-11319 TickTick Android 8.2.2.0 Path Traversal via ShareReceiveActivity — TickTick for Android 6.2 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-12660 IBM MQ Path Traversal — MQ Operator 2.7 Low 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-111053 FOSSBilling: Unauthenticated attacker can probe existence of arbitrary files via guest/system/template_exists — FOSSBilling 6.9 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-111925 Mopidy before 4.0.5 Path Traversal via File Backend library.lookup — Mopidy 5.3 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-111915 Yank Note before 3.93.1 Path Traversal via /api/help Endpoint — Yank Note 5.9 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-112138 diem-project diem dmCodeEditor actions.class.php join path traversal — diem 4.7 Medium 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-79986 Apache Camel: camel-azure-files resolved the remote path of a polled file from the name reported in the server directory listing without constraining it to the directory being polled, so a listing entry containing traversal segments could be moved outside — Apache Camel 7.4 High 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-79985 Apache Camel: camel-smb resolved the remote path of a polled file from the name reported in the server directory listing without constraining it to the directory being polled, so a listing entry containing traversal segments could be moved outside — Apache Camel 7.4 High 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-79984 Apache Camel: camel-mina-sftp resolved the remote path of a polled file from the name reported in the server directory listing without constraining it to the directory being polled, so a listing entry containing traversal segments could be moved outside — Apache Camel 7.4 High 2026-10-19
CVE-2026-79983 Apache Camel: camel-ftp resolved the remote path of a polled file from the name reported in the server directory listing without constraining it to the directory being polled, so a listing entry containing traversal segments could be moved outside — Apache Camel 7.4 High 2026-10-19

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5186 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.