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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5186

5186 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-109106 Polaris Office App Document Intake com.infraware.service.m.n.a path traversal — Office App 4.4 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-108940 EricLBuehler Mistral.rs handlers.rs calibration_apply path traversal — Mistral.rs 6.5 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-102627 Security Vulnerability identified in IBM TRIRIGA - Zip Slip — TRIRIGA Application Platform 8.8 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-75061 IBM Planning Analytics Local is affected by security vulnerabilities — Planning Analytics 7.5 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-19627 IBM Planning Analytics Local is affected by security vulnerabilities — Planning Analytics 8.2 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-82101 DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data Path Traversal — DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 9.6 Critical 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-82110 DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data Path Traversal — DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 9.6 Critical 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-109595 Hugo v0.84.0 before v0.167.0 Path Traversal via js.Build ESBuild Resolver — hugo 5.5 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-109574 Hugo before v0.167.0 Path Traversal via css.Sass Import Fallback — hugo 5.5 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-105052 IBM Maximo Application Suite Information Disclosure — Maximo Application Suite 7.5 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2021-48011 Servor 1.0.0 through 4.0.2 Unauthenticated Path Traversal via URL-Encoded Dot Segments — servor 7.5 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-84320 Nginx UI: Auto backup name allows path traversal outside validated storage path — nginx-ui 6.3 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-59976 ConvertX: Path Traversal vulnerability leading to Arbitrary File Write — ConvertX 8.1 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-104102 copyparty FTP: upload outside defined volumes (limited path traversal) — copyparty 5.3 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-103061 Path traversal in Gleam via unvalidated package application names — Gleam 5.9 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-85964 Path traversal in Progress MarkLogic Server Query Console — MarkLogic Server 7.7 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-109354 LibreNMS before 26.9.0 Path Traversal via NFSen channel Parameter — librenms 4.3 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-109309 SiYuan v3.7.0 before v3.8.6 Arbitrary File Read via Plugin ResponseFile.Path — siyuan 6.5 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-109247 FreeRDP before 3.32.0 Path Traversal via Clipboard cFileName — FreeRDP 3.1 Low 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-85953 Path traversal and privilege management flaws in Progress MarkLogic Server InfoStudio — MarkLogic Server 8.5 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-103060 Path traversal in rebar3 via unvalidated dependency app names — rebar3 7.5 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-96612 Path traversal in Hex via unvalidated dependency app names — hex 7.5 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-78355 Path Traversal in SendSupportBundle allows File Deletion Outside the Intended Directory — OTRS 8.7 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-87690 Metasploit Framework ios_image_gather Path Traversal Leading to Arbitrary File Write and Code Execution — Metasploit Framework 8.8 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-108791 westboy CicadasCMS Template Management input TemplateController.input path traversal — CicadasCMS 4.3 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-108790 westboy CicadasCMS Backend Template Editor save TemplateController.save path traversal — CicadasCMS 4.7 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-108772 bleenco abstruse Cache Endpoint download_cache.go filepath.Join path traversal — abstruse 5.3 Medium 2026-10-11
CVE-2026-108902 pH7Builder before 18.5.0 Path Traversal Arbitrary File Deletion via picture_link — ph7builder 8.1 High 2026-10-11
CVE-2026-108567 InstantSoft icms2 Image image.php files_delete_file path traversal — icms2 4.3 Medium 2026-10-11
CVE-2026-108544 Lippu Docx Reader Office Viewer App path traversal — Docx Reader Office Viewer App 6.3 Medium 2026-10-11

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5186 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.