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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 3566

3566 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, AvailabilityExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
IntegrityModify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
ConfidentialityRead Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
AvailabilityDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
ImplementationAssume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and DesignFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
ImplementationInputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and DesignUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
OperationUse an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE IDTitleCVSSSeverityPublished
CVE-2017-16213 mfrserver 路径遍历漏洞 — mfrserver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16214 peiserver 路径遍历漏洞 — peiserver node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16215 sgqserve 路径遍历漏洞 — sgqserve node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16216 tencent-server 路径遍历漏洞 — tencent-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16217 fbr-client 路径遍历漏洞 — fbr-client node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16218 dgard8.lab6 路径遍历漏洞 — dgard8.lab6 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16219 yttivy 路径遍历漏洞 — yttivy node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16220 wind-mvc 路径遍历漏洞 — wind-mvc node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16221 yzt 路径遍历漏洞 — yzt node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16222 elding 路径遍历漏洞 — elding node module 5.3 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-16223 nodeaaaaa 路径遍历漏洞 — nodeaaaaa node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3712 serve 路径遍历漏洞 — serve node module 6.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3713 angular-http-server 路径遍历漏洞 — angular-http-server node module 6.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3714 node-srv 路径遍历漏洞 — node-srv node module 6.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3715 glance 路径遍历漏洞 — glance node module 6.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3724 hekto node模块路径遍历漏洞 — general-file-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3725 hekto node模块路径遍历漏洞 — hekto node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3727 626 node module 路径遍历漏洞 — 626 node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3729 mcstatic node module 路径遍历漏洞 — localhost-now node module 6.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3730 mcstatic node module 路径遍历漏洞 — mcstatic node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3731 public node模块路径遍历漏洞 — public node module 7.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2018-3732 resolve-path 路径遍历漏洞 — resolve-path node module 6.5 -2018-06-07
CVE-2017-0930 augustine 路径遍历漏洞 — augustine node module 6.5 -2018-06-04
CVE-2017-16029 hostr 路径遍历漏洞 — hostr node module 7.5 -2018-06-04
CVE-2017-16036 badjs-sourcemap-server 路径遍历漏洞 — badjs-sourcemap-server node module 7.5 -2018-06-04
CVE-2017-16037 gomeplus-h5-proxy 路径遍历漏洞 — gomeplus-h5-proxy node module 7.5 -2018-06-04
CVE-2017-16039 hftp 路径遍历漏洞 — hftp node module 7.5 -2018-06-04
CVE-2014-10066 fancy-server 路径遍历漏洞 — fancy-server node module 7.5 -2018-05-31
CVE-2016-10528 Restafary 路径遍历漏洞 — restafary node module 9.1 -2018-05-31
CVE-2016-10538 node-cli 安全漏洞 — cli node module 5.7 -2018-05-31

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 3566 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.