CWE-319 (敏感数据的明文传输) — Vulnerability Class 381

CWE-319 represents a critical security weakness where applications transmit sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext over communication channels susceptible to interception. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by employing network sniffing tools to capture unencrypted packets, thereby gaining unauthorized access to confidential information such as login credentials, personal identifiable information, or financial data. This exposure occurs because the data lacks encryption during transit, allowing malicious actors to read the contents without authentication. To prevent this, developers must implement robust encryption protocols, such as TLS or SSL, for all data in transit. Additionally, enforcing strict security policies that mandate encrypted connections for all sensitive communications ensures that data remains protected against eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks, maintaining confidentiality and integrity throughout the transmission process.