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CWE-330 (使用不充分的随机数) — Vulnerability Class 126

126 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-330 (使用不充分的随机数). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-330 represents a critical weakness where software relies on predictable or insufficiently random values within security-sensitive contexts, such as session token generation or cryptographic key creation. Attackers typically exploit this flaw by analyzing patterns in the generated values to predict future outputs, thereby bypassing authentication mechanisms or hijacking active user sessions. This vulnerability often stems from the misuse of standard pseudo-random number generators that lack cryptographic security properties. To mitigate this risk, developers must employ cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generators (CSPRNGs) that are specifically designed to resist prediction even if previous outputs are known. Additionally, ensuring proper seeding with high-entropy sources and avoiding custom randomization algorithms are essential practices for maintaining the integrity of security-dependent operations.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.
Common Consequences (3)
Confidentiality, Other Other
When a protection mechanism relies on random values to restrict access to a sensitive resource, such as a session ID or a seed for generating a cryptographic key, then the resource being protected could be accessed by guessing the ID or key.
Access Control, Other Bypass Protection Mechanism, Other
If product relies on unique, unguessable IDs to identify a resource, an attacker might be able to guess an ID for a resource that is owned by another user. The attacker could then read the resource, or pre-create a resource with the same ID to prevent the legitimate program from properly sending the…
Access Control Bypass Protection Mechanism, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity
When an authorization or authentication mechanism relies on random values to restrict access to restricted functionality, such as a session ID or a seed for generating a cryptographic key, then an attacker may access the restricted functionality by guessing the ID or key.
Mitigations (3)
Architecture and Design Use a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and select well-tested implementations with adequate length seeds. In general, if a pseudo-random number generator is not advertised as being cryptographically secure, then it is probably a statistical PRNG and should not be used in security-sensitive contexts. Pseudo-random number generators can produce…
Implementation Consider a PRNG that re-seeds itself as needed from high quality pseudo-random output sources, such as hardware devices.
Architecture and Design, Requirements Use products or modules that conform to FIPS 140-2 [REF-267] to avoid obvious entropy problems. Consult FIPS 140-2 Annex C ("Approved Random Number Generators").
Examples (2)
This code attempts to generate a unique random identifier for a user's session.
function generateSessionID($userID){ srand($userID); return rand(); }
Bad · PHP
The following code uses a statistical PRNG to create a URL for a receipt that remains active for some period of time after a purchase.
String GenerateReceiptURL(String baseUrl) { Random ranGen = new Random(); ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime()); return(baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html"); }
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2025-64097 NervesHub has Insufficient Token Entropy that Allows Authentication Bypass via Brute Force — nerves_hub_web 8.1AI High AI 2026-01-22
CVE-2025-68704 Jervis has a Weak Random for Timing Attack Mitigation — jervis 7.5AI High AI 2026-01-13
CVE-2025-11723 Appointment Booking Calendar — Simply Schedule Appointments Booking Plugin <= 1.6.9.5 - Unauthenticated Sensitive Information Exposure — Appointment Booking Calendar — Simply Schedule Appointments Booking Plugin 6.5 Medium 2026-01-06
CVE-2025-11707 Login Lockdown & Protection <= 2.14 - IP Block Bypass — Login Lockdown & Protection 5.3 Medium 2025-12-13
CVE-2025-13955 Predictable Default Wi-Fi Password in EZCast Pro II Dongle — EZCast Pro II 8.1AI High AI 2025-12-10
CVE-2025-66511 Nextcloud Calendar app used predictable proposal participant tokens — security-advisories 4.8 Medium 2025-12-05
CVE-2025-13353 gokey allows secret recovery from a seed file without the master password — gokey 9.1AI Critical AI 2025-12-02
CVE-2025-59371 ASUS Router 安全漏洞 — Router 8.8AI High AI 2025-11-25
CVE-2025-13470 RNP 0.18.0 Vulnerable PKESK session keys — RNP 7.5 High 2025-11-21
CVE-2025-12787 Hydra Booking – All in One Appointment Booking System | Appointment Scheduling, Booking Calendar & WooCommerce Bookings <= 1.1.27 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Booking Cancellation via Weak Hash Generation — Hydra Booking — Appointment Scheduling & Booking Calendar 5.3 Medium 2025-11-11
CVE-2025-6515 Reuse of session IDs in oatpp-mcp leads to session hijacking and prompt hijacking by remote attackers — oatpp-mcp 6.8 Medium 2025-10-20
CVE-2025-10745 Banhammer – Monitor Site Traffic, Block Bad Users and Bots <= 3.4.8 - Unauthenticated Protection Mechanism Bypass — Banhammer – Monitor Site Traffic, Block Bad Users and Bots 5.3 Medium 2025-09-26
CVE-2025-10671 youth-is-as-pale-as-poetry e-learning JWT Token JwtUtils.java encryptSecret random values — e-learning 3.7 Low 2025-09-18
CVE-2025-7783 Usage of unsafe random function in form-data for choosing boundary 8.2 - 2025-07-18
CVE-2025-43866 Vantage6 Server JWT secret not cryptographically secure — vantage6 6.5AI Medium AI 2025-06-12
CVE-2025-49198 Poor quality of randomness in authorization tokens — SICK Media Server 3.1 Low 2025-06-12
CVE-2025-4607 PSW Front-end Login & Registration <= 1.12 - Insufficiently Random Values to Unauthenticated Account Takeover/Privilege Escalation via customer_registration Function — PSW Front-end Login & Registration 9.8 Critical 2025-05-31
CVE-2025-5136 Tmall Demo Payment Identifier pay random values — Demo 3.7 Low 2025-05-24
CVE-2025-1953 vLLM AIBrix Prefix Caching hash.go random values — AIBrix 2.6 Low 2025-03-04
CVE-2024-10604 Identifiable Header Values In Fuchsia Leading To Tracking of The User — Fuchsia 7.5 - 2025-01-30
CVE-2025-22150 Undici Uses Insufficiently Random Values — undici 6.8 Medium 2025-01-21
CVE-2024-12432 WPC Shop as a Customer for WooCommerce <= 1.2.8 - Authentication Bypass Due to Insufficiently Unique Key — WPC Shop as a Customer for WooCommerce 8.1 High 2024-12-18
CVE-2024-52615 Avahi: avahi wide-area dns uses constant source port 5.3 Medium 2024-11-21
CVE-2024-20331 Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance and Firepower Threat Defense Software VPN Authentication DoS Vulnerability — Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 6.8 Medium 2024-10-23
CVE-2024-47188 Suricata http/byte-ranges: missing hashtable random seed leads to potential DoS — suricata 7.5 High 2024-10-16
CVE-2024-47187 Suricata datasets: missing hashtable random seed leads to potential DoS — suricata 7.5 High 2024-10-16
CVE-2024-6348 Predictable seed generation after ECU reset — Altima 6.1AI Medium AI 2024-08-19
CVE-2024-42475 OAuth library for nim allows insecure generation of state values by generateState - entropy too low and uses regular PRNG instead of CSPRNG — oauth 6.5 Medium 2024-08-15
CVE-2024-42165 Arbitrary User Activation — FIWARE Keyrock 6.3 Medium 2024-08-12
CVE-2024-7659 projectsend Password Reset Token functions.php generate_random_string random values — projectsend 3.7 Low 2024-08-11

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-330 (使用不充分的随机数) represent 126 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.