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CWE-401 在移除最后引用时对内存的释放不恰当(内存泄露) 类漏洞列表 339

CWE-401 在移除最后引用时对内存的释放不恰当(内存泄露) 类弱点 339 条 CVE 漏洞汇总，含 AI 中文分析。

CWE-401属于内存管理漏洞，指程序在内存使用完毕后未正确释放，导致资源无法回收。攻击者通常利用此缺陷通过反复分配内存耗尽系统资源，引发拒绝服务或导致程序崩溃。开发者应避免此类问题，需确保在内存生命周期结束时调用释放函数，并采用智能指针或自动内存管理工具，严格跟踪内存分配与释放状态，防止内存泄漏。

MITRE CWE 官方描述
CWE：CWE-401 Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime 英文：The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.
常见影响 (2)
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Instability, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)
Most memory leaks result in general product reliability problems, but if an attacker can intentionally trigger a memory leak, the attacker might be able to launch a denial of service attack (by crashing or hanging the program) or take advantage of other unexpected program behavior resulting from a l…
Other Reduce Performance
缓解措施 (3)
Implementation Choose a language or tool that provides automatic memory management, or makes manual memory management less error-prone. For example, glibc in Linux provides protection against free of invalid pointers. When using Xcode to target OS X or iOS, enable automatic reference counting (ARC) [REF-391]. To help correctly and consistently manage memory when programming in C++, consider using a smart pointer…
Architecture and Design Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Architecture and Design, Build and Compilation Consider using the Boehm-Demers-Weiser garbage collector (bdwgc), which can help avoid leaks.
Effectiveness: Moderate
代码示例 (1)
The following C function leaks a block of allocated memory if the call to read() does not return the expected number of bytes:
char* getBlock(int fd) { char* buf = (char*) malloc(BLOCK_SIZE); if (!buf) { return NULL; } if (read(fd, buf, BLOCK_SIZE) != BLOCK_SIZE) { return NULL; } return buf; }
Bad · C
CVE ID 标题 CVSS 风险等级 Published
CVE-2021-31367 Juniper Networks Junos OS 安全漏洞 — Junos OS 6.5 Medium 2021-10-19
CVE-2021-34698 Cisco AsyncOS 安全漏洞 — Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) 8.6 High 2021-10-06
CVE-2021-34740 Cisco Aironet Access Points 缓冲区错误漏洞 — Cisco Aironet Access Point Software 7.4 High 2021-09-23
CVE-2021-39176 detect-character-encoding 安全漏洞 — detect-character-encoding 7.5 High 2021-08-31
CVE-2021-34431 Eclipse Mosquitto 安全漏洞 — Eclipse Mosquitto 6.5 - 2021-07-22
CVE-2021-0293 Juniper Networks Junos OS 安全漏洞 — Junos OS 5.5 Medium 2021-07-15
CVE-2021-1598 Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 安全漏洞 — Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 6.5 Medium 2021-07-08
CVE-2021-1597 Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 安全漏洞 — Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 6.5 Medium 2021-07-08
CVE-2021-1596 Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 安全漏洞 — Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 6.5 Medium 2021-07-08
CVE-2021-1595 Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 安全漏洞 — Cisco Video Surveillance 7000 Series IP Cameras 6.5 Medium 2021-07-08
CVE-2021-3544 QEMU 安全漏洞 — QEMU 6.5 - 2021-06-02
CVE-2020-25672 Linux kernel 安全漏洞 — Linux Kernel 7.5 - 2021-05-25
CVE-2021-20209 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-05-25
CVE-2021-27386 Siemens SIMATIC WinCC 缓冲区错误漏洞 — SIMATIC HMI Comfort Outdoor Panels V15 7\" & 15\" (incl. SIPLUS variants) 7.5 - 2021-05-12
CVE-2021-0272 Juniper Networks Junos OS 安全漏洞 — Junos OS 6.5 Medium 2021-04-22
CVE-2021-20193 git tar.git 安全漏洞 — tar 5.5 - 2021-03-26
CVE-2021-20215 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-20214 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-20212 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-20211 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-20210 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2020-35502 Privoxy 安全漏洞 — privoxy 7.5 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-1387 Cisco NX-OS Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco NX-OS Software 8.6 High 2021-02-24
CVE-2021-1229 Cisco NX-OS Software 安全漏洞 — Cisco NX-OS Software 5.8 Medium 2021-02-24
CVE-2021-1353 Cisco StarOS 安全漏洞 — Cisco ASR 5000 Series Software 5.8 Medium 2021-01-20
CVE-2020-27755 ImageMagick Studio ImageMagick 代码问题漏洞 — ImageMagick 5.5 - 2020-12-08
CVE-2020-27753 ImageMagick Studio ImageMagick 安全漏洞 — ImageMagick 5.5 - 2020-12-08
CVE-2020-27822 Red Hat Wildfly 安全漏洞 — wildfly 5.9 - 2020-12-08
CVE-2020-25704 Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞 — kernel 5.5 - 2020-12-02
CVE-2020-25689 Red Hat Wildfly 资源管理错误漏洞 — wildfly-core 5.3 Medium 2020-10-30

CWE-401（在移除最后引用时对内存的释放不恰当(内存泄露)） 是常见的弱点类别，本平台收录该类弱点关联的 339 条 CVE 漏洞。