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CWE-416 (释放后使用) — Vulnerability Class 4332

4332 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-416 (释放后使用). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-416, Use After Free, is a critical memory safety weakness occurring when a program continues to reference a memory location after it has been deallocated. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by freeing an object and then rapidly reallocating that same memory block with attacker-controlled data. Because the original pointer still points to the now-invalid address, the application may inadvertently execute malicious code or corrupt memory structures, often leading to arbitrary code execution or denial of service. To prevent this, developers must rigorously manage memory lifecycles by nullifying pointers immediately after freeing them, ensuring no dangling references remain. Utilizing modern programming languages with automatic garbage collection or employing static analysis tools to detect invalid memory accesses further mitigates the risk, ensuring that freed memory is never accessed again during the program’s execution.

MITRE CWE Description
The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity Modify Memory
The use of previously freed memory may corrupt valid data, if the memory area in question has been allocated and used properly elsewhere.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
If chunk consolidation occurs after the use of previously freed data, the process may crash when invalid data is used as chunk information.
Confidentiality Read Memory
Read operations on freed memory can sometimes leak sensitive information instead of causing a crash
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
If malicious data is entered before chunk consolidation can take place, it may be possible to take advantage of a write-what-where primitive to execute arbitrary code. If the newly allocated data happens to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap …
Mitigations (2)
Architecture and Design Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.
Implementation When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
Examples (2)
The following example demonstrates the weakness.
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #define BUFSIZER1 512 #define BUFSIZER2 ((BUFSIZER1/2) - 8) int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *buf1R1; char *buf2R1; char *buf2R2; char *buf3R2; buf1R1 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER1); buf2R1 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER1); free(buf2R1); buf2R2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER2); buf3R2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER2); strncpy(buf2R1, argv[1], BUFSIZER1-1); free(buf1R1); free(buf2R2); free(buf3R2); }
Bad · C
The following code illustrates a use after free error:
char* ptr = (char*)malloc (SIZE); if (err) { abrt = 1; free(ptr); } ... if (abrt) { logError("operation aborted before commit", ptr); }
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2020-25669 Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞 — Linux Kernel 7.8 - 2021-05-26
CVE-2020-25671 Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞 — Linux Kernel 7.8 - 2021-05-26
CVE-2020-25670 Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞 — Linux Kernel 7.8 - 2021-05-26
CVE-2020-36329 libwebp 资源管理错误漏洞 — libwebp 9.8 - 2021-05-21
CVE-2021-3518 libxml2 资源管理错误漏洞 — libxml2 8.8 - 2021-05-18
CVE-2021-3483 Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞 — kernel 7.8 - 2021-05-17
CVE-2021-32613 radare2 资源管理错误漏洞 — radare2 5.5 - 2021-05-14
CVE-2021-23134 Linux kernel llcp_sock_bind/connect use-after-free — Linux Kernel 7.8 High 2021-05-12
CVE-2021-21822 Foxit Reader for Windows 资源管理错误漏洞 — Foxit 8.8 - 2021-05-10
CVE-2021-31470 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31460 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31459 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31458 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31457 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31456 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31455 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31453 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31451 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31450 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-31441 Foxit Reader 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-21417 Use after free in fluidsynth — fluidsynth 7.2 High 2021-04-29
CVE-2021-0262 Junos OS: QFX10002-60C: Use after free vulnerability found during static code analysis — Junos OS 6.5 Medium 2021-04-22
CVE-2021-3497 GStreamer 资源管理错误漏洞 — gstreamer-plugins-good 7.8 - 2021-04-19
CVE-2021-27268 Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 7.8 - 2021-03-30
CVE-2021-27267 Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 7.8 - 2021-03-30
CVE-2021-29093 ArcGIS Server image service and raster analytics security update: use-after-free — ArcGIS Server 6.8 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-29096 ArcGIS general raster security update: use-after-free — ArcReader 7.8 - 2021-03-25
CVE-2021-3392 QEMU 资源管理错误漏洞 — QEMU 3.2 - 2021-03-23
CVE-2021-20227 SQLite 资源管理错误漏洞 — sqlite 7.1 - 2021-03-23
CVE-2021-20232 GnuTLS 资源管理错误漏洞 — gnutls 9.8 - 2021-03-12

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-416 (释放后使用) represent 4332 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.