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CWE-416 (释放后使用) — Vulnerability Class 4332

4332 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-416 (释放后使用). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-416, Use After Free, is a critical memory safety weakness occurring when a program continues to reference a memory location after it has been deallocated. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by freeing an object and then rapidly reallocating that same memory block with attacker-controlled data. Because the original pointer still points to the now-invalid address, the application may inadvertently execute malicious code or corrupt memory structures, often leading to arbitrary code execution or denial of service. To prevent this, developers must rigorously manage memory lifecycles by nullifying pointers immediately after freeing them, ensuring no dangling references remain. Utilizing modern programming languages with automatic garbage collection or employing static analysis tools to detect invalid memory accesses further mitigates the risk, ensuring that freed memory is never accessed again during the program’s execution.

MITRE CWE Description
The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity Modify Memory
The use of previously freed memory may corrupt valid data, if the memory area in question has been allocated and used properly elsewhere.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
If chunk consolidation occurs after the use of previously freed data, the process may crash when invalid data is used as chunk information.
Confidentiality Read Memory
Read operations on freed memory can sometimes leak sensitive information instead of causing a crash
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
If malicious data is entered before chunk consolidation can take place, it may be possible to take advantage of a write-what-where primitive to execute arbitrary code. If the newly allocated data happens to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap …
Mitigations (2)
Architecture and Design Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.
Implementation When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
Examples (2)
The following example demonstrates the weakness.
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #define BUFSIZER1 512 #define BUFSIZER2 ((BUFSIZER1/2) - 8) int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *buf1R1; char *buf2R1; char *buf2R2; char *buf3R2; buf1R1 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER1); buf2R1 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER1); free(buf2R1); buf2R2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER2); buf3R2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER2); strncpy(buf2R1, argv[1], BUFSIZER1-1); free(buf1R1); free(buf2R2); free(buf3R2); }
Bad · C
The following code illustrates a use after free error:
char* ptr = (char*)malloc (SIZE); if (err) { abrt = 1; free(ptr); } ... if (abrt) { logError("operation aborted before commit", ptr); }
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2020-1712 systemd 资源管理错误漏洞 — systemd 7.8 High 2020-03-31
CVE-2020-8881 Foxit Studio Photo 资源管理错误漏洞 — Studio Photo 8.8 - 2020-03-20
CVE-2019-18903 wicked: Use-after-free when receiving invalid DHCP6 IA_PD option — SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 7.5 High 2020-03-02
CVE-2019-18902 wicked: Use-after-free when receiving invalid DHCP6 client options — SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 7.5 High 2020-03-02
CVE-2020-8856 Foxit Reader和PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 8.8 - 2020-02-13
CVE-2020-8857 Foxit Reader和PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2020-02-13
CVE-2020-8855 Foxit Reader和PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 7.8 - 2020-02-13
CVE-2020-8845 Foxit Reader和PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 7.8 - 2020-02-13
CVE-2020-8846 Foxit Reader和PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 8.8 - 2020-02-13
CVE-2019-19344 Samba 资源管理错误漏洞 — samba 6.5 Medium 2020-01-21
CVE-2019-5145 Foxit Reader JavaScript引擎资源管理错误漏洞 — Foxit 8.8 - 2020-01-16
CVE-2019-5130 Foxit Reader JavaScript引擎资源管理错误漏洞 — Foxit 8.8 - 2020-01-16
CVE-2019-5126 Foxit Reader JavaScript引擎资源管理错误漏洞 — Foxit 8.8 - 2020-01-16
CVE-2019-5131 Foxit Reader JavaScript引擎资源管理错误漏洞 — Foxit 8.8 - 2020-01-16
CVE-2019-3994 ELOG 资源管理错误漏洞 — ELOG 7.5 - 2019-12-17
CVE-2019-11940 Facebook Proxygen 资源管理错误漏洞 — Proxygen 9.8 - 2019-12-04
CVE-2019-5096 Embedthis Software GoAhead 资源管理错误漏洞 — EmbedThis 9.8 - 2019-12-03
CVE-2019-17140 Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 8.8 - 2019-10-25
CVE-2019-17141 Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 8.8 - 2019-10-25
CVE-2019-17142 Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 8.8 - 2019-10-25
CVE-2019-17143 Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 3.3 - 2019-10-25
CVE-2019-5047 Nitro Software NitroPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — NitroPDF 7.8 - 2019-10-09
CVE-2019-5053 Nitro Software NitroPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — NitroPDF 7.8 - 2019-10-09
CVE-2019-13320 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2019-10-04
CVE-2019-6774 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2019-10-04
CVE-2019-6775 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2019-10-04
CVE-2019-6776 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 7.8 - 2019-10-04
CVE-2019-13315 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2019-10-04
CVE-2019-13317 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — PhantomPDF 7.8 - 2019-10-04
CVE-2019-13319 Foxit Reader和Foxit PhantomPDF 资源管理错误漏洞 — Reader 7.8 - 2019-10-04

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-416 (释放后使用) represent 4332 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.