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CWE-416 (释放后使用) — Vulnerability Class 4332

4332 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-416 (释放后使用). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-416, Use After Free, is a critical memory safety weakness occurring when a program continues to reference a memory location after it has been deallocated. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by freeing an object and then rapidly reallocating that same memory block with attacker-controlled data. Because the original pointer still points to the now-invalid address, the application may inadvertently execute malicious code or corrupt memory structures, often leading to arbitrary code execution or denial of service. To prevent this, developers must rigorously manage memory lifecycles by nullifying pointers immediately after freeing them, ensuring no dangling references remain. Utilizing modern programming languages with automatic garbage collection or employing static analysis tools to detect invalid memory accesses further mitigates the risk, ensuring that freed memory is never accessed again during the program’s execution.

MITRE CWE Description
The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity Modify Memory
The use of previously freed memory may corrupt valid data, if the memory area in question has been allocated and used properly elsewhere.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
If chunk consolidation occurs after the use of previously freed data, the process may crash when invalid data is used as chunk information.
Confidentiality Read Memory
Read operations on freed memory can sometimes leak sensitive information instead of causing a crash
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
If malicious data is entered before chunk consolidation can take place, it may be possible to take advantage of a write-what-where primitive to execute arbitrary code. If the newly allocated data happens to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap …
Mitigations (2)
Architecture and Design Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.
Implementation When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.
Effectiveness: Defense in Depth
Examples (2)
The following example demonstrates the weakness.
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #define BUFSIZER1 512 #define BUFSIZER2 ((BUFSIZER1/2) - 8) int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *buf1R1; char *buf2R1; char *buf2R2; char *buf3R2; buf1R1 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER1); buf2R1 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER1); free(buf2R1); buf2R2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER2); buf3R2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZER2); strncpy(buf2R1, argv[1], BUFSIZER1-1); free(buf1R1); free(buf2R2); free(buf3R2); }
Bad · C
The following code illustrates a use after free error:
char* ptr = (char*)malloc (SIZE); if (err) { abrt = 1; free(ptr); } ... if (abrt) { logError("operation aborted before commit", ptr); }
Bad · C
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-85824 Windows Composite Image File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 21H2 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85811 Network Policy Server (NPS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.5 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85803 Windows Camera Frame Server Monitor Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 version 23H2 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85802 Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85799 Network Policy Server (NPS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 8.1 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85804 Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 version 23H2 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85810 Windows Telephony Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85375 Windows Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Device Host Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85795 Windows Text Services Framework Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85790 Microsoft QUIC Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14 5.9 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85792 Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 9.8 Critical 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85371 Network Policy Server (NPS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 8.1 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85364 Windows Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85367 Windows Cash Drawer Protocol Provider Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85361 Windows Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85372 Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85370 WebDAV Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85354 Windows Error Reporting Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85352 Windows Device Association Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85342 Windows Device Association Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85332 Windows Device Association Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1809 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-84020 Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 21H2 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-84018 Windows Print Spooler Components Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-84019 Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1809 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-84013 Windows Telephony Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-83917 Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1809 7.0 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-83922 Windows Direct Composition Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 21H2 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-85841 Windows DHCP Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.6 Medium 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-83914 Microsoft XML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 8.1 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-70243 Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 version 23H2 7.0 High 2026-10-13

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-416 (释放后使用) represent 4332 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.