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CWE-436 (解释冲突) — Vulnerability Class 113

113 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-436 (解释冲突). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-436, Interpretation Conflict, is a design weakness occurring when two interacting components, such as a client and server or an intermediary proxy, interpret the same input or state differently. This discrepancy typically arises in security appliances like firewalls or anti-virus software that modify traffic based on conflicting expectations of protocol behavior. Attackers exploit this by crafting malicious payloads that trigger divergent interpretations, causing the security device to permit harmful data or the target system to execute unintended actions. To mitigate this risk, developers must ensure consistent parsing logic across all interacting components. Implementing strict, unified protocol standards and rigorous validation checks at every processing stage helps eliminate ambiguity. Additionally, thorough integration testing that simulates edge-case scenarios can reveal interpretation mismatches before deployment, ensuring that all entities in the communication chain process data uniformly and securely.

MITRE CWE Description
Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state. This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that monitor, allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.
Common Consequences (1)
Integrity, Other Unexpected State, Varies by Context
Examples (2)
The paper "Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection" [REF-428] shows that OSes varied widely in how they manage unusual packets, which made it difficult or impossible for intrusion detection systems to properly detect certain attacker manipulations that took advantage of these OS differences.
Null characters have different interpretations in Perl and C, which have security consequences when Perl invokes C functions. Similar problems have been reported in ASP [REF-429] and PHP.
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-14198 @fastify/middie vulnerable to authorization bypass via encoded slash in path parameter values — @fastify/middie 9.1 Critical 2026-07-01
CVE-2026-13676 fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via failed IDN canonicalization — fast-uri 7.5 High 2026-06-29
CVE-2026-53538 Python-Multipart: Semicolon treated as querystring field separator enables parameter smuggling — python-multipart 3.7 Low 2026-06-22
CVE-2026-53655 node-tar applies PAX size override to intermediary GNU long-name/long-link headers, causing tar parser interpretation differential (file smuggling) — node-tar - - 2026-06-22
CVE-2026-40930 LIBPNG: Chunk smuggling in push-mode APNG parser via unconsumed chunk body — libpng 5.4 Medium 2026-06-04
CVE-2026-47076 SSRF allowlist bypass via percent-encoded host in hackney — hackney - - 2026-05-25
CVE-2026-42551 Flight: HTTP method override enabled by default enables CSRF escalation and middleware bypass in flightphp/core — core 7.5 High 2026-05-13
CVE-2026-44576 Next.js: Cache poisoning in React Server Component responses — next.js 5.4 Medium 2026-05-13
CVE-2026-42273 Heimdall: Case-sensitive host matching may lead to policy bypass — heimdall 5.3AI Medium AI 2026-05-08
CVE-2026-42272 Heimdall: Case-sensitive handling of URL-encoded slashes may lead to inconsistent path interpretation — heimdall 9.1AI Critical AI 2026-05-08
CVE-2026-30246 github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 cache middleware can mix responses across query parameters — fiber 6.5 Medium 2026-05-05
CVE-2026-6322 fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via percent-encoded authority delimiters — fast-uri 7.5 High 2026-05-05
CVE-2026-41248 Official Clerk JavaScript SDKs: Middleware-based route protection bypass — astro 9.1 Critical 2026-04-24
CVE-2026-33804 @fastify/middie vulnerable to middleware bypass via deprecated ignoreDuplicateSlashes option — @fastify/middie 7.4 High 2026-04-16
CVE-2026-6270 @fastify/middie vulnerable to middleware authentication bypass in child plugin scopes — @fastify/middie 9.1 Critical 2026-04-16
CVE-2026-33807 @fastify/express vulnerable to middleware path doubling causing authentication bypass in child plugin scopes — @fastify/express 9.1 Critical 2026-04-15
CVE-2026-33808 @fastify/express vulnerable to middleware authentication bypass via URL normalization gaps (duplicate slashes and semicolons) — @fastify/express 9.1 - 2026-04-15
CVE-2026-35200 Parse Server has a file upload Content-Type override via extension mismatch — parse-server 8.2AI High AI 2026-04-06
CVE-2026-32762 Rack: Forwarded Header semicolon injection enables Host and Scheme spoofing — rack 4.8 Medium 2026-04-02
CVE-2026-26961 Rack: Multipart Boundary Parsing Ambiguity allowing WAF Bypass — rack 3.7 Low 2026-04-02
CVE-2026-32065 OpenClaw < 2026.2.25 - Approval Identity Mismatch in system.run Command Execution — OpenClaw 4.8 Medium 2026-03-21
CVE-2026-32052 OpenClaw < 2026.2.24 - Hidden Command Execution via Shell-Wrapper Positional argv Carriers — OpenClaw 6.4 Medium 2026-03-21
CVE-2026-32766 astral-tokio-tar insufficiently validates PAX extensions during extraction — tokio-tar 9.1 - 2026-03-20
CVE-2026-27444 Header Email Address Parsing — Secure Email Gateway 9.1AI Critical AI 2026-03-04
CVE-2026-0958 Interpretation Conflict in GitLab — GitLab 7.5 High 2026-02-11
CVE-2026-25223 Fastify's Content-Type header tab character allows body validation bypass — fastify 7.5 High 2026-02-03
CVE-2025-66490 Traefik doesn't Prevent Path Normalization Bypass in Router + Middleware Rules — traefik 9.8AI Critical AI 2025-12-09
CVE-2025-54368 uv is vulnerable to ZIP payload obfuscation through parsing differentials — uv 9.1 - 2025-08-08
CVE-2025-48384 Git allows arbitrary code execution through broken config quoting — git 8.1 High 2025-07-08
CVE-2025-24013 CodeIgniter validation of header name and value — CodeIgniter4 5.3 Medium 2025-01-20

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-436 (解释冲突) represent 113 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.