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CWE-476 空指针解引用 类漏洞列表 1557

CWE-476 空指针解引用 类弱点 1557 条 CVE 漏洞汇总，含 AI 中文分析。

CWE-476空指针解引用属于内存安全类漏洞，指程序在指针为NULL时仍尝试访问其指向的内存。攻击者通常通过构造特定输入触发空指针，导致程序崩溃引发拒绝服务，或在特定架构下利用该异常改变执行流以执行恶意代码。开发者应避免在解引用前未验证指针有效性，通过添加空值检查、使用静态分析工具检测潜在风险，并确保代码逻辑能妥善处理无效指针情况，从而从根本上消除隐患。

MITRE CWE 官方描述
CWE：CWE-476 NULL Pointer Dereference（空指针解引用） 英文：The product dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid but is NULL. 译文：产品解引用了一个它预期为有效但实际上为 NULL 的指针。
常见影响 (2)
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
NULL pointer dereferences usually result in the failure of the process unless exception handling (on some platforms) is available and implemented. Even when exception handling is being used, it can still be very difficult to return the software to a safe state of operation.
Integrity, Confidentiality Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Read Memory, Modify Memory
In rare circumstances, when NULL is equivalent to the 0x0 memory address and privileged code can access it, then writing or reading memory is possible, which may lead to code execution.
缓解措施 (5)
Implementation For any pointers that could have been modified or provided from a function that can return NULL, check the pointer for NULL before use. When working with a multithreaded or otherwise asynchronous environment, ensure that proper locking APIs are used to lock before the check, and unlock when it has finished [REF-1484].
Requirements Select a programming language that is not susceptible to these issues.
Implementation Check the results of all functions that return a value and verify that the value is non-null before acting upon it.
Effectiveness: Moderate
Architecture and Design Identify all variables and data stores that receive information from external sources, and apply input validation to make sure that they are only initialized to expected values.
Implementation Explicitly initialize all variables and other data stores, either during declaration or just before the first usage.
代码示例 (2)
This example takes an IP address from a user, verifies that it is well formed and then looks up the hostname and copies it into a buffer.
void host_lookup(char *user_supplied_addr){ struct hostent *hp; in_addr_t *addr; char hostname[64]; in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp); /*routine that ensures user_supplied_addr is in the right format for conversion */ validate_addr_form(user_supplied_addr); addr = inet_addr(user_supplied_addr); hp = gethostbyaddr( addr, sizeof(struct in_addr), AF_INET); strcpy(hostname, hp->h_name); }
Bad · C
In the following code, the programmer assumes that the system always has a property named "cmd" defined. If an attacker can control the program's environment so that "cmd" is not defined, the program throws a NULL pointer exception when it attempts to call the trim() method.
String cmd = System.getProperty("cmd"); cmd = cmd.trim();
Bad · Java
CVE ID 标题 CVSS 风险等级 Published
CVE-2021-1115 NVIDIA Windows GPU Display Driver 代码问题漏洞 — NVIDIA GPU Display Driver 6.5 Medium 2021-10-27
CVE-2021-34586 CODESYS 代码问题漏洞 — CODESYS V2 7.5 High 2021-10-26
CVE-2021-40732 Adobe Xmp Toolkit 代码问题漏洞 — XMP Toolkit 6.1 Medium 2021-10-13
CVE-2021-3322 Zephyr 代码问题漏洞 — zephyr 6.5 Medium 2021-10-12
CVE-2021-3671 Samba 代码问题漏洞 — Samba 6.5 - 2021-10-12
CVE-2021-25491 Samsung SMR 代码问题漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 2.3 Low 2021-10-06
CVE-2021-3319 Zephyr 代码问题漏洞 — zephyr 6.5 Medium 2021-10-05
CVE-2021-41524 Apache HTTP Server 代码问题漏洞 — Apache HTTP Server 7.5 - 2021-10-05
CVE-2021-39860 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-39854 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 - 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-39849 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-39850 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-39852 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-39851 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-39853 Adobe Acrobat和Adobe Reader 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 - 2021-09-29
CVE-2021-32987 Aveva SuiteLink Server 代码问题漏洞 — AVEVA System Platform 2020 7.5 High 2021-09-23
CVE-2021-32979 Aveva SuiteLink Server 代码问题漏洞 — AVEVA System Platform 2020 7.5 High 2021-09-23
CVE-2021-32971 Aveva SuiteLink Server 代码问题漏洞 — AVEVA System Platform 2020 7.5 High 2021-09-23
CVE-2021-32963 Aveva SuiteLink Server 代码问题漏洞 — AVEVA System Platform 2020 7.5 High 2021-09-23
CVE-2021-34798 Apache HTTP Server 代码问题漏洞 — Apache HTTP Server 7.5 - 2021-09-16
CVE-2021-25462 Samsung NPU driver 代码问题漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 3.3 Low 2021-09-09
CVE-2021-25458 Samsung Mobile Device 代码问题漏洞 — Samsung Mobile Devices 3.3 Low 2021-09-09
CVE-2021-34737 Cisco IOS XR 代码问题漏洞 — Cisco IOS XR Software 5.8 Medium 2021-09-09
CVE-2021-22792 Schneider Electric Modicon M580 CPU 代码问题漏洞 — Modicon M580 CPU (part numbers BMEP* and BMEH*, all versions), Modicon M340 CPU (part numbers BMXP34*, all versions), Modicon MC80 (part numbers BMKC80*, all versions), Modicon Momentum Ethernet CPU (part numbers 171CBU*, all versions), PLC Simulator for EcoStruxureª Control Expert, including all Unity Pro versions (former name of EcoStruxureª Control Expert, all versions), PLC Simulator for EcoStruxureª Process Expert including all HDCS versions (former name of EcoStruxureª Process Expert, all versions), Modicon Quantum CPU (part numbers 140CPU*, all versions), Modicon Premium CPU (part numbers TSXP5*, all versions) 6.5 - 2021-09-02
CVE-2021-28601 Adobe After Effects 代码问题漏洞 — After Effects 3.3 Low 2021-08-24
CVE-2021-35984 Adobe Acrobat 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-08-20
CVE-2021-35985 Adobe Acrobat 代码问题漏洞 — Acrobat Reader 5.5 Medium 2021-08-20
CVE-2021-37681 Google TensorFlow 代码问题漏洞 — tensorflow 7.8 High 2021-08-12
CVE-2021-37689 Google TensorFlow 代码问题漏洞 — tensorflow 7.8 High 2021-08-12
CVE-2021-37688 Google TensorFlow 代码问题漏洞 — tensorflow 7.8 High 2021-08-12

CWE-476（空指针解引用） 是常见的弱点类别，本平台收录该类弱点关联的 1557 条 CVE 漏洞。