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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 541

541 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, Confidentiality Read Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Modify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and Design When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, Operation Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
Implementation Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-110385 ONLYOFFICE Document Server <10.0.0 RCE漏洞 — Document Server 8.7 High 2026-10-14
CVE-2026-69783 Windows Update Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 version 23H2 7.8 High 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-106042 Ivanti Xtraction路径遍历致凭证泄露漏洞 — Xtraction 9.9 Critical 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-103928 Metabase: Arbitrary File Read/Write via Unsafe H2 Built-in Functions — metabase 9.3 Critical 2026-10-13
CVE-2026-109601 Frappe Framework before v16.30.0 Arbitrary File Read via Outgoing Email HTML — frappe 6.5 Medium 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-93695 Arbitrary file write through remote file identifiers in Progress ShareFile Storage Zones Controller FileCopyService — ShareFile Storage Zones Controller 7.4 High 2026-10-12
CVE-2026-108694 ConvertX through 0.19.0 Arbitrary File Read via Pandoc Converter — ConvertX 6.5 Medium 2026-10-11
CVE-2026-108591 InnoShop 0.9.2 Local File Disclosure via AI Core MCP file_upload Tool — InnoShop 4.4 Medium 2026-10-10
CVE-2026-108156 LobsterAI 2026.5.27 through 2026.9.23 Arbitrary Directory Deletion via Skill _meta.json — LobsterAI 7.1 High 2026-10-09
CVE-2026-87685 Brocade Fabric OS任意文件操纵漏洞 — Fabric OS 8.4 High 2026-10-08
CVE-2026-106219 TeamCity <2026.2.1 缺少 Git 子模块 URL 验证致读取本地仓库 — TeamCity 6.5 Medium 2026-10-06
CVE-2026-105748 Docling: Crafted DoclingDocument JSON embeds local image files into converted output — docling 4.3 Medium 2026-10-05
CVE-2026-103511 Arbitrary file-write via extension installation in P4Search — P4 (Helix Core) 5.1 Medium 2026-10-05
CVE-2026-104809 Mitel MiVoice Office 400 Shared Object Hijacking Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution — Mitel MiVoice Office 400 8.4 High 2026-10-05
CVE-2026-103507 Arbitrary file-write via log configuration path in P4Search — P4 (Helix Core) 7.5 High 2026-10-05
CVE-2026-71453 Johnson Controls EasyIO FS32 (<3.0b63) 路径遍历漏洞 — EasyIO FS32 5.6 Medium 2026-10-01
CVE-2026-103255 n8n before 1.123.80, 2.39.6, and 2.40.1 Path Traversal and Query Injection via Supabase — n8n 9.0 Critical 2026-10-01
CVE-2026-15983 Super Forms <= 6.3.316 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File/Directory Deletion via 'subdir' / 'path' Parameter — Super Forms – Drag & Drop Form Builder 8.1 High 2026-10-01
CVE-2026-103591 DeepWiki-Open through commit d92819a Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via /codemap/file — deepwiki-open 7.5 High 2026-09-30
CVE-2026-102141 Kiteworks Core Privilege Escalation through External Control of File Name or Path — Core 6.7 Medium 2026-09-30
CVE-2026-102146 Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway Arbitrary File Write through Server-Side Template Injection — Email Protection Gateway 6.5 Medium 2026-09-30
CVE-2026-103398 OpenSave through 2.4.0 Arbitrary File Read and Write via Peer-Controlled Save Path — OpenSave 8.1 High 2026-09-30
CVE-2026-85520 Unauthenticated arbitrary file write leading to RCE in gmfeed PrestaShop module — Google Merchant Center Feed 9.3 Critical 2026-09-29
CVE-2026-100638 SiYuan before v3.8.4 Path Traversal via setNotebookIcon — siyuan 7.6 High 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-100637 SiYuan before v3.8.4 Path Traversal via checkoutRepo sessionID — siyuan 7.6 High 2026-09-26
CVE-2026-13248 Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary File Write in the Intermec Fingerprint Command Interface — PD45 Industrial Printer 8.8 High 2026-09-24
CVE-2026-96656 Plex Media Server arbitrary file write — Media Server 7.2 High 2026-09-23
CVE-2026-92164 Streamlink: HTTPSession follows HTTP redirects into file:// URLs, reading local files — streamlink 6.5 Medium 2026-09-23
CVE-2026-91797 Foxit PDF Editor/Reader Portfolio Directory Traversal Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Foxit PDF Editor 7.8 High 2026-09-23
CVE-2026-77247 MCP Atlassian: Arbitrary server-local file upload to Jira/Confluence attachments via unrestricted file_path parameters — mcp-atlassian 8.3 High 2026-09-22

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 541 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.