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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 541

541 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, Confidentiality Read Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Modify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and Design When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, Operation Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
Implementation Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-83603 Netdata: Local Root via ndsudo Arbitrary socket_path → fail2ban-client Pickle RCE — netdata 8.4 High 2026-09-22
CVE-2026-65125 NVIDIA Linux Infrastructure Controller路径控制漏洞 — Infrastructure Controller 6.6 Medium 2026-09-22
CVE-2026-54584 mport trusts environment-controlled temporary directories in privileged metadata extraction — mport 5.3 Medium 2026-09-21
CVE-2026-93987 rclone serve docker Path Traversal via Volume Name — rclone 3.4 Low 2026-09-19
CVE-2026-6205 群晖DSM上传API文件名控制致任意文件写入 — DiskStation Manager (DSM) 8.1 High 2026-09-18
CVE-2026-50158 yutu: Arbitrary File Write via MCP `caption-download` Tool — yutu 7.7 High 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-54582 mport package installation can overwrite existing unmanaged or differently owned files — mport 6.0 Medium 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-92595 Nodemailer before 9.1.1 Security Sandbox Bypass via resolveContent — nodemailer 5.9 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-73171 Advantech EKI-1242EIMS V1.06.01 备份路径控制漏洞 — EKI-1242IEIMS 8.6 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-76796 Newell Brands DYMO Connect Desktop improper file path validation — DYMO Connect Desktop 4.0 Medium 2026-09-15
CVE-2026-16338 DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities due to open source software — DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 9.9 Critical 2026-09-14
CVE-2026-90946 DeepWiki-Open through commit d92819a Arbitrary File Read via /ws/chat WebSocket — deepwiki-open 7.5 High 2026-09-14
CVE-2026-90932 LaraDashboard 0.9.2 through 1.2.2 Path Traversal RCE — laradashboard 7.2 High 2026-09-14
CVE-2026-88899 knowns before 0.31.0 External Control of Agent Working Directory via x-opencode-directory Header — knowns 9.8 Critical 2026-09-10
CVE-2026-86751 Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 Arbitrary File Read and SSRF via Markdown — snipe-it 8.5 High 2026-09-09
CVE-2026-86741 Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 Arbitrary File Read and SSRF via Category EULA — snipe-it 8.5 High 2026-09-09
CVE-2026-79692 Dell Secure Connect Gateway 输入验证错误漏洞 — Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application 7.3 High 2026-09-09
CVE-2026-87815 SiYuan before v3.8.2 Path Traversal via removeRiffDeck — siyuan 8.7 High 2026-09-09
CVE-2026-86995 n8n: Git Node branch.<name>.remote Config Key Bypasses Sandbox Path Restriction, Enabling Local Git Repository Read — n8n 5.3 Medium 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-78620 Improper Path Validation in Okta Access Gateway Kerberos Configuration Handling — Okta Access Gateway 5.9 Medium 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-66302 Skype for Business Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Skype for Business Server 2015 CU13 9.8 Critical 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-62804 Microsoft Word Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise 7.8 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-69805 .NET Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14 7.5 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-69383 Windows Shell Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 11 version 23H2 7.0 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-69355 Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability — Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23 8.8 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-81830 OpenVPN 输入验证错误漏洞 — OpenVPN 5.6 Medium 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-86189 WWBN AVideo Unauthenticated Path Traversal via notify.ffmpeg.json.php — AVideo 9.8 Critical 2026-09-05
CVE-2026-80119 PassMark PerformanceTest, BurnInTest, and OSForensics Physical Memory Disclosure via DirectIo64.sys IOCTL — PerformanceTest 7.8 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85687 surya 0.22.1 Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via screenshot server — surya 7.5 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85684 marker through 2.0.0 Path Traversal via upload filename — marker 9.1 Critical 2026-09-04

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 541 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.