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CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) — Vulnerability Class 541

541 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-73 represents a critical input validation weakness where applications allow external actors to dictate file system paths, potentially leading to unauthorized access or modification of sensitive data. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability through path traversal techniques, injecting sequences like “../” to escape intended directories and reach critical system files or application configurations. This manipulation occurs when software fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to bypass intended access controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation, ensuring that all file paths are strictly checked against a whitelist of allowed directories. Additionally, using canonicalization functions to resolve paths before comparison and employing chroot jails can effectively isolate file access, thereby preventing attackers from navigating outside the designated application sandbox.

MITRE CWE Description
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application. Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met: 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem. 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted. For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.
Common Consequences (3)
Integrity, Confidentiality Read Files or Directories, Modify Files or Directories
The application can operate on unexpected files. Confidentiality is violated when the targeted filename is not directly readable by the attacker.
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Modify Files or Directories, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The application can operate on unexpected files. This may violate integrity if the filename is written to, or if the filename is for a program or other form of executable code.
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
The application can operate on unexpected files. Availability can be violated if the attacker specifies an unexpected file that the application modifies. Availability can also be affected if the attacker specifies a filename for a large file, or points to a special device or a file that does not hav…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and Design When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Architecture and Design, Operation Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory. Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection. This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the oper…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Effectiveness: High
Implementation Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Examples (2)
The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (CWE-22).
String rName = request.getParameter("reportName"); File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName); ... rFile.delete();
Bad · Java
The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.
fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt"); amt = fis.read(arr); out.println(arr);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-85668 Xinference 3.3.0 Unauthenticated Arbitrary-Path File Read via /v1/models/llm/auto-register — inference 7.5 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85603 Grav Admin Plugin Path Traversal via Save As Language Code — grav 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85176 DbGate through 7.2.6 Arbitrary File Read and Write via file:// jslid — dbgate 8.8 High 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-85160 AVideo through c91b5975d CSRF and Path Traversal via stopLive.php — AVideo 8.1 High 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-84478 WWBN AVideo Unauthenticated Arbitrary Log File Deletion — AVideo 7.3 High 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-53508 oasdiff does not enforce --allow-external-refs=false on the git-revision load path (SSRF / local file read) — oasdiff 6.0 Medium 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82659 nodemailer before 9.0.1 File Read and SSRF via raw option — nodemailer 7.1 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82637 browser-use web-ui 2.0.0 through 3.0.0 Arbitrary Directory Creation — web-ui 5.3 Medium 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-66324 Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability — Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) 6.5 Medium 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-53580 Trilium arbitrary file read and denial of service via file:// URLs in the automatic image-download feature — Trilium 8.1 High 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81726 NLTK through 3.10.3 Path Traversal via Model-Artifact APIs — nltk 7.0 High 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-59683 OpenRGB: local and remote system compromise via arbitrary file write using attacker controlled strings — OpenRGB 9.8 Critical 2026-08-26
CVE-2026-59682 Arbitrary file overwrite and deletion local and remote in OpenRGB — OpenRGB 9.1 Critical 2026-08-26
CVE-2026-16444 Improper Validation of File Paths in TeamViewer Desktop Clients — Full Client, Host, QuickSupport & Portable 7.5 High 2026-08-26
CVE-2026-55609 sublinear-time-solver: Arbitrary file write in consciousness-explorer / sublinear-time-solver MCP export_state — sublinear-time-solver 7.1 High 2026-08-25
CVE-2026-79674 NLTK 3.10.2 Path Traversal via corpus-reader constructors — nltk 8.2 High 2026-08-25
CVE-2026-78679 GitPython before 3.1.59 Arbitrary File Read via TagReference.create — GitPython 6.5 Medium 2026-08-25
CVE-2026-78675 GitPython before 3.1.59 Local File Content Disclosure via .gitmodules — GitPython 8.4 High 2026-08-25
CVE-2026-56705 Adminer before 5.4.3 Remote Code Execution via MSSQL PDO DSN Injection — adminer 9.8 Critical 2026-08-25
CVE-2026-34967 Adminer sql-log Plugin 5.3.0 through 5.4.2 Arbitrary File Write — adminer 5.4 Medium 2026-08-25
CVE-2026-78208 exceljs through 4.4.0 Path Traversal via Unvalidated addImage filename — exceljs 7.5 High 2026-08-24
CVE-2026-62385 NLTK 3.9.4 Path Traversal via FrameNet and NKJP Readers — nltk 5.9 Medium 2026-08-22
CVE-2026-49360 Recce server has unauthenticated SQL execution that allows local file read/write through DuckDB — recce 7.8 High 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-54134 OctoPrint: File exfiltration possible via query parameters on upload endpoints — OctoPrint 7.0 High 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-63343 Arbitrary File Read/Write: metadata.yaml symlink in image allows host filesystem access as root — incus 9.9 Critical 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-48753 Incus has an arbitrary file write via path traversal in S3 multipart upload — incus 9.9 Critical 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-48752 Incus has arbitrary file read+write on host via templates/ symlink in malicious image — incus 9.9 Critical 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-48750 Incus has an arbitrary file write on host via `exec-output` symlink in crafted image — incus 9.9 Critical 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-48749 Incus has an arbitrary file read+write on host via rootfs/ symlink in malicious image — incus 9.9 Critical 2026-08-21
CVE-2026-76158 Datiphy Data Management Center - External Control of File Name or Path — Data Management Center 9.3 Critical 2026-08-21

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-73 (文件名或路径的外部可控制) represent 541 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.