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CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证) — Vulnerability Class 684

684 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-798 represents a critical security weakness where authentication mechanisms rely on static, embedded credentials rather than dynamic verification. This flaw typically manifests as default administrative accounts with simple, hard-coded passwords or cryptographic keys stored directly within the source code or configuration files. Attackers exploit this vulnerability by scanning for these predictable credentials, gaining immediate, unauthorized access to sensitive systems without needing to bypass complex security controls. To mitigate this risk, developers must eliminate static secrets entirely, implementing robust credential management solutions such as secure vaults, environment variables, or hardware security modules. Additionally, enforcing strong password policies, regular key rotation, and multi-factor authentication ensures that access rights are dynamic and secure, significantly reducing the attack surface against unauthorized entry.

MITRE CWE Description
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key. There are two main variations: Inbound: the product contains an authentication mechanism that checks the input credentials against a hard-coded set of credentials. In this variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the product. It can also be difficult for the administrator to detect. Outbound: the product connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded credentials for connecting to that component. This variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password that can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end product.
Common Consequences (2)
Access Control Bypass Protection Mechanism
If hard-coded passwords are used, it is almost certain that malicious users will gain access to the account in question. Any user of the product that hard-codes passwords may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extracti…
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control, Other Read Application Data, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Other
This weakness can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors, possibly providing attackers with sensitive information or even execute arbitrary code. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of thi…
Mitigations (5)
Architecture and Design For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as …
Architecture and Design For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Architecture and Design If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Architecture and Design For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash. Use ra…
Architecture and Design For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete. The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals. Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at th…
Examples (2)
The following code uses a hard-coded password to connect to a database:
... DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger"); ...
Bad · Java
javap -c ConnMngr.class 22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql 24: ldc #38; //String scott 26: ldc #17; //String tiger
Attack
The following code is an example of an internal hard-coded password in the back-end:
int VerifyAdmin(char *password) { if (strcmp(password, "Mew!")) { printf("Incorrect Password!\n"); return(0) } printf("Entering Diagnostic Mode...\n"); return(1); }
Bad · C
int VerifyAdmin(String password) { if (!password.equals("Mew!")) { return(0) } //Diagnostic Mode return(1); }
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-2616 Beetel 777VR1 Web Management hard-coded credentials — 777VR1 8.8 High 2026-02-17
CVE-2026-26334 Calero VeraSMART < 2026 R1 Hardcoded Static AES Keys Allow Decryption of Service Credentials — VeraSMART 7.8AI High AI 2026-02-13
CVE-2019-25322 Heatmiser Netmonitor 3.03 - Hardcoded Credentials — Heatmiser Netmonitor 7.5 High 2026-02-12
CVE-2026-26218 newbee-mall Default Seeded Administrator Credentials Allow Account Takeover — newbee-mall 9.8 Critical 2026-02-12
CVE-2020-37135 AMSS++ 4.7 - Backdoor Admin Account — AMSS++ 7.5 High 2026-02-06
CVE-2026-25803 3DP-MANAGER Uses Hard-coded Credentials — 3dp-manager 9.8 Critical 2026-02-06
CVE-2026-20111 Cisco Prime Infrastructure Stored Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability — Cisco Prime Infrastructure 4.8 Medium 2026-02-04
CVE-2020-37092 Netis E1+ 1.2.32533 - Backdoor Account (root) — Netis E1+ 7.5 High 2026-02-03
CVE-2026-25202 SAMSUNG MagicINFO 9 Server 安全漏洞 — MagicINFO 9 Server 9.8 Critical 2026-02-02
CVE-2026-1610 Tenda AX12 Pro V2 Telnet Service hard-coded credentials — AX12 Pro V2 8.1 High 2026-01-29
CVE-2025-40537 SolarWinds Web Help Desk Hardcoded Credentials Vulnerability — Web Help Desk 7.5 High 2026-01-28
CVE-2026-24840 Dokploy uses hardcoded credentials in installation script, which could result in database access — dokploy 8.0 High 2026-01-28
CVE-2026-24346 Use of well-known default credentials in EZCast Pro II Dongle — EZCast Pro II 9.8AI Critical AI 2026-01-27
CVE-2025-59107 Static Firmware Encryption Password in dormakaba access manager — Access Manager 92xx-k5 9.1AI Critical AI 2026-01-26
CVE-2025-59096 Weak Default Password in dormakaba Kaba exos 9300 — Kaba exos 9300 8.4AI High AI 2026-01-26
CVE-2025-59095 Hard-coded Key for PIN Encryption in dormakaba Kaba exos 9300 — Kaba exos 9300 8.4AI High AI 2026-01-26
CVE-2025-59092 Unauthenticated RPC Service in dormakaba Kaba exos 9300 — Kaba exos 9300 4.0AI Medium AI 2026-01-26
CVE-2025-59091 Hardcoded Legacy Accounts Allowing Control Over Access Managers in dormakaba Kaba exos 9300 — Kaba exos 9300 8.8AI High AI 2026-01-26
CVE-2025-14115 IBM Sterling Connect:Direct for UNIX Container is affected by vulnerability where hard-coded credentials are embeeded in the product for its internal use. — Sterling Connect:Direct for UNIX Container 8.4 High 2026-01-20
CVE-2026-1221 BROWAN COMMUNICATIONS ｜PrismX MX100 AP controller - Use of Hard-coded Credentials — PrismX MX100 AP controller 9.8 Critical 2026-01-20
CVE-2021-47796 Denver Smart Wifi Camera SHC-150 - 'Telnet' Remote Code Execution (RCE) — Smart Wifi Camera 9.8 Critical 2026-01-15
CVE-2026-22911 SICK TDC-X401GL 安全漏洞 — TDC-X401GL 5.3 Medium 2026-01-15
CVE-2020-36911 Covenant 0.5 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) — Covenant 9.8 Critical 2026-01-13
CVE-2025-7072 Hardcoded credentials in KAON CG3000T/CG3000CT routers — CG3000T 9.8 - 2026-01-09
CVE-2019-25291 INIM Electronics Smartliving SmartLAN/G/SI <=6.x Hard-coded Credentials Vulnerability — Smartliving SmartLAN/G/SI 7.5 High 2026-01-07
CVE-2017-20214 FLIR Thermal Camera F/FC/PT/D firmware version 8.0.0.64 Hard-Coded SSH Credentials Vulnerability — FLIR Thermal Camera F/FC/PT/D 7.5 High 2026-01-07
CVE-2020-36915 Adtec Digital SignEdje Digital Signage Player v2.08.28 Default Credentials — SignEdje Digital Signage Player 7.5 High 2026-01-06
CVE-2021-47744 Cypress Solutions CTM-200/CTM-ONE 1.3.6 Hard-coded Credentials Remote Root — ONE 7.5 High 2025-12-31
CVE-2025-15371 Tenda i24 Shadow File hard-coded credentials — i24 7.8 High 2025-12-31
CVE-2023-53983 Anevia Flamingo XL/XS 3.6.20 Default Credentials Authentication Bypass — Anevia Flamingo XL/XS 9.8 Critical 2025-12-30

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-798 (使用硬编码的凭证) represent 684 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.