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CWE-798 使用硬编码的凭证 类漏洞列表 684

CWE-798 使用硬编码的凭证 类弱点 684 条 CVE 漏洞汇总，含 AI 中文分析。

CWE-798指硬编码凭据漏洞，即软件将密码或密钥直接写入代码。攻击者可通过逆向工程提取这些固定凭据，从而绕过认证机制获取未授权访问权限。为避免此类风险，开发者应严禁在代码中硬编码敏感信息，转而采用环境变量、密钥管理系统或配置数据库等动态方式存储凭据，确保凭据与代码分离，提升系统安全性。

MITRE CWE 官方描述
CWE：CWE-798 使用硬编码凭证 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials) 英文：该产品包含硬编码凭证 (hard-coded credentials)，例如密码 (password) 或加密密钥 (cryptographic key)。 主要有两种变体： 入站 (Inbound)：该产品包含一种身份验证机制，将输入的凭证 (input credentials) 与一组硬编码凭证 (hard-coded set of credentials) 进行比对。在此变体中，会创建一个默认的管理员账户 (default administration account)，并将一个简单的密码 (simple password) 硬编码到产品中并与该账户关联。此硬编码密码 (hard-coded password) 在产品的每次安装中都是相同的，并且通常无法由系统管理员 (system administrators) 在不手动修改程序或修补产品的情况下更改或禁用。管理员也难以检测到此问题。 出站 (Outbound)：该产品连接到另一个系统或组件，并包含用于连接该组件的硬编码凭证 (hard-coded credentials)。此变体适用于与后端服务 (back-end service) 进行身份验证的前端系统 (front-end systems)。后端服务 (back-end service) 可能需要一个容易被发现的固定密码 (fixed password)。程序员可能只是将这些后端凭证 (back-end credentials) 硬编码到前端产品 (front-end product) 中。
常见影响 (2)
Access Control Bypass Protection Mechanism
If hard-coded passwords are used, it is almost certain that malicious users will gain access to the account in question. Any user of the product that hard-codes passwords may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extracti…
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control, Other Read Application Data, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Other
This weakness can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors, possibly providing attackers with sensitive information or even execute arbitrary code. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of thi…
缓解措施 (5)
Architecture and Design For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as …
Architecture and Design For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Architecture and Design If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Architecture and Design For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash. Use ra…
Architecture and Design For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete. The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals. Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at th…
代码示例 (2)
The following code uses a hard-coded password to connect to a database:
... DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger"); ...
Bad · Java
javap -c ConnMngr.class 22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql 24: ldc #38; //String scott 26: ldc #17; //String tiger
Attack
The following code is an example of an internal hard-coded password in the back-end:
int VerifyAdmin(char *password) { if (strcmp(password, "Mew!")) { printf("Incorrect Password!\n"); return(0) } printf("Entering Diagnostic Mode...\n"); return(1); }
Bad · C
int VerifyAdmin(String password) { if (!password.equals("Mew!")) { return(0) } //Diagnostic Mode return(1); }
Bad · Java
CVE ID 标题 CVSS 风险等级 Published
CVE-2021-22707 Multiple Schneider Electric EVlink Charging Stations 信任管理问题漏洞 — EVlink City (EVC1S22P4 / EVC1S7P4 all versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.1), EVlink Parking (EVW2 / EVF2 / EV.2 all versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.1), and EVlink Smart Wallbox (EVB1A all versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.1 ) 9.8 - 2021-07-21
CVE-2020-5349 Dell EMC Networking S4100 和 S5200 信任管理问题漏洞 — Networking 9.8 Critical 2021-07-19
CVE-2021-35961 Taiwan Secom Personnel Attendance Management 信任管理问题漏洞 — Door Access Control and Personnel Attendance Management system 9.8 Critical 2021-07-16
CVE-2021-21820 D-LINK DIR-3040 信任管理问题漏洞 — D-Link 9.8 - 2021-07-16
CVE-2021-0279 Juniper Networks Contrail Cloud 信任管理问题漏洞 — Contrail Cloud 8.6 High 2021-07-15
CVE-2021-32535 QSAN SANOS 信任管理问题漏洞 — SANOS 9.8 Critical 2021-07-07
CVE-2021-31505 Arlo Q Plus 信任管理问题漏洞 — Q Plus 6.8 - 2021-06-29
CVE-2021-33540 Phoenix Contact AXL F BK and IL BK 信任管理问题漏洞 — AXL F BK 7.3 High 2021-06-25
CVE-2021-33531 Weidmueller Industrial WLAN 信任管理问题漏洞 — IE-WL(T)-BL-AP-CL-XX 8.8 High 2021-06-25
CVE-2021-33529 Weidmueller Industrial WLAN 信任管理问题漏洞 — IE-WL(T)-BL-AP-CL-XX 7.5 High 2021-06-25
CVE-2021-34812 Synology Calendar 信任管理问题漏洞 — Synology Calendar 5.8 Medium 2021-06-18
CVE-2021-31477 GE Reason RPV311 信任管理问题漏洞 — Reason RPV311 9.8 - 2021-06-16
CVE-2020-1716 Red Hat ceph-ansible 信任管理问题漏洞 — ceph-ansible 8.8 - 2021-05-28
CVE-2021-32454 Sitel CAP/PRX 信任管理问题漏洞 — CAP/PRX 9.6 Critical 2021-05-17
CVE-2021-20025 SonicWall Email Security Appliance 信任管理问题漏洞 — Email Security Virtual Appliance 8.4 - 2021-05-13
CVE-2021-27437 Advantech WISE-PaaS/RMM 信任管理问题漏洞 — WISE-PaaS/RMM 7.5 - 2021-05-07
CVE-2021-30165 Edimax Technology wireless network camera 信任管理问题漏洞 — IC-3140W 7.5 High 2021-04-27
CVE-2021-0248 Juniper Networks Junos OS 信任管理问题漏洞 — Junos OS 10.0 Critical 2021-04-22
CVE-2021-0245 Juniper Networks Junos OS 信任管理问题漏洞 — Junos OS 7.8 High 2021-04-22
CVE-2020-27278 Hamilton-medical Hamilton-T1 信任管理问题漏洞 — Hamilton Medical AG, T1-Ventillator 6.8 - 2021-03-15
CVE-2021-22667 Advantech BB-ESWGP506-2SFP-T 信任管理问题漏洞 — BB-ESWGP506-2SFP-T 9.8 - 2021-02-24
CVE-2020-6779 Bosch FSM-2500 server 和 Bosch FSM-5000 server 信任管理问题漏洞 — FSM-2500 10.0 Critical 2021-01-25
CVE-2021-1219 Cisco Smart Software Manager 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem 7.8 - 2021-01-20
CVE-2020-27256 多款Sooil产品信任管理问题漏洞 — SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd Diabecare RS, AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A 6.1 - 2021-01-19
CVE-2020-12501 RocketLinx 信任管理问题漏洞 — P+F Comtrol RocketLinx 9.8 Critical 2020-10-15
CVE-2020-3446 Cisco ENCS 5400-W Series和CSP 5000-W Series 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Wide Area Application Services (WAAS) 9.8 - 2020-08-26
CVE-2020-3382 Cisco Data Center Network Manager 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco Data Center Network Manager 9.8 - 2020-07-31
CVE-2020-7515 Schneider Electric Easergy Builder 信任管理问题漏洞 — Easergy Builder V1.4.7.2 and prior 8.8 - 2020-07-23
CVE-2020-3330 Cisco Small Business RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall 信任管理问题漏洞 — Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall Firmware 9.8 - 2020-07-16
CVE-2020-10269 Mobile Industrial Robots MiR100信任管理问题漏洞 — MiR100 9.8 - 2020-06-24

CWE-798（使用硬编码的凭证） 是常见的弱点类别，本平台收录该类弱点关联的 684 条 CVE 漏洞。