Improper backend communication allows access and manipulation of the telemetry data

Insufficient authentication in the MQTT backend (broker) allows an attacker to access and even manipulate the telemetry data of the entire fleet of vehicles using the HopeChart HQT-401 telematics unit. Other models are possibly affected too. Multiple vulnerabilities were identified: - The MQTT backend does not require authentication, allowing unauthorized connections from an attacker. - The vehicles publish their telemetry data (e.g. GPS Location, speed, odometer, fuel, etc) as messages in public topics. The backend also sends commands to the vehicles as MQTT posts in public topics. As a result, an attacker can access the confidential data of the entire fleet that is managed by the backend. - The MQTT messages sent by the vehicles or the backend are not encrypted or authenticated. An attacker can create and post messages to impersonate a vehicle or the backend. The attacker could then, for example, send incorrect information to the backend about the vehicle's location. - The backend can inject data into a vehicle´s CAN bus by sending a specific MQTT message on a public topic. Because these messages are not authenticated or encrypted, an attacker could impersonate the backend, create a fake message and inject CAN data in any vehicle managed by the backend. The confirmed version is 201808021036, however further versions have been also identified as potentially impacted.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

敏感数据的明文传输

MQTT 授权问题漏洞

MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,消息队列遥测传输）是一个ISO 标准（ISO/IEC PRF 20922）下基于发布 (Publish)/订阅 (Subscribe)范式的消息协议，它工作在TCP/IP协议族上，是为硬件性能低下的远程设备以及网络状况不好的情况下而设计的发布/订阅型消息协议。 MQTT 存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于MQTT 后端存在不充分身份验证，允许攻击者使用 HopeChart HQT-401 远程信息处理单元访问甚至操纵整个车队的遥测数据

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