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CVE-2023-34459— OpenZeppelin Contracts's MerkleProof multiproofs may allow proving arbitrary leaves for specific trees

Quick assessment

Affected
OpenZeppelin openzeppelin-contracts
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

OpenZeppelin是一个应用软件。一个安全区块链应用的标准。 OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.7.0版本至4.9.2之前版本存在安全漏洞。目前尚无此漏洞的相关信息，请随时关注CNNVD或厂商公告。

CVSS 5.3 · Medium EPSS 0.37% · P30
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2023-34459

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
OpenZeppelin Contracts's MerkleProof multiproofs may allow proving arbitrary leaves for specific trees
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the `verifyMultiProof`, `verifyMultiProofCalldata`, `procesprocessMultiProof`, or `processMultiProofCalldat` functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves. A contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree that is processed includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 (just under the root). This could happen inadvertedly for balanced trees with 3 leaves or less, if the leaves are not hashed. This could happen deliberately if a malicious tree builder includes such a node in the tree. A contract is not vulnerable if it uses single-leaf proving (`verify`, `verifyCalldata`, `processProof`, or `processProofCalldata`), or if it uses multiproofs with a known tree that has hashed leaves. Standard merkle trees produced or validated with the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree library are safe. The problem has been patched in version 4.9.2. Some workarounds are available. For those using multiproofs: When constructing merkle trees hash the leaves and do not insert empty nodes in your trees. Using the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree package eliminates this issue. Do not accept user-provided merkle roots without reconstructing at least the first level of the tree. Verify the merkle tree structure by reconstructing it from the leaves.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
完整性检查值验证不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
OpenZeppelin 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
OpenZeppelin是一个应用软件。一个安全区块链应用的标准。 OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.7.0版本至4.9.2之前版本存在安全漏洞。目前尚无此漏洞的相关信息，请随时关注CNNVD或厂商公告。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
OpenZeppelin openzeppelin-contracts >= 4.7.0, < 4.9.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2023-34459

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2023-34459

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2023-34459 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-34459 (1)

Other References for CVE-2023-34459 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: openzeppelin-contracts
Same vendor: OpenZeppelin
Same weakness: CWE-354

V. Comments for CVE-2023-34459

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