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CVE-2023-45130— Frontier opcode SUICIDE touches too many storage values on large contracts

Quick assessment

Affected
paritytech frontier
Exploitation
Public or AI PoC available; prioritize validation
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Frontier是一个 Substrate 的以太坊兼容层。用于运行未经修改的以太坊 Dapp。 Frontier aea52819之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于允许攻击者在平行链上创建具有大量存储值的合约，然后在合约上调用操作码SUICIDE。

CVSS 7.5 · High EPSS 0.89% · P57

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2023-45130

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Frontier opcode SUICIDE touches too many storage values on large contracts
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0, at the end of a contract execution, when opcode SUICIDE marks a contract to be deleted, the software uses `storage::remove_prefix` (now renamed to `storage::clear_prefix`) to remove all storages associated with it. This is a single IO primitive call passing the WebAssembly boundary. For large contracts, the call (without providing a `limit` parameter) can be slow. In addition, for parachains, all storages to be deleted will be part of the PoV, which easily exceed relay chain PoV size limit. On the other hand, Frontier's maintainers only charge a fixed cost for opcode SUICIDE. The maintainers consider the severity of this issue high, because an attacker can craft a contract with a lot of storage values on a parachain, and then call opcode SUICIDE on the contract. If the transaction makes into a parachain block, the parachain will then stall because the PoV size will exceed relay chain's limit. This is especially an issue for XCM transactions, because they can't be skipped. Commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0 contains a patch for this issue. For parachains, it's recommended to issue an emergency runtime upgrade as soon as possible. For standalone chains, the impact is less severe because the issue mainly affects PoV sizes. It's recommended to issue a normal runtime upgrade as soon as possible. There are no known workarounds.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
不加限制或调节的资源分配
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Frontier 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Frontier是一个 Substrate 的以太坊兼容层。用于运行未经修改的以太坊 Dapp。 Frontier aea52819之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于允许攻击者在平行链上创建具有大量存储值的合约，然后在合约上调用操作码SUICIDE。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
paritytech frontier <= 0.1.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2023-45130

# POC Description Source Link Shenlong Link
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Qwen3.6-35B-A3B · 9086 chars
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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2023-45130

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2023-45130 (2)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-45130 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: frontier
Same vendor: paritytech
Same weakness: CWE-770

V. Comments for CVE-2023-45130

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