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CVE-2024-45040— gnark's commitments to private witnesses in Groth16 as implemented break zero-knowledge property

Quick assessment

Affected
Consensys gnark
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

gnark是Consensys开源的一个快速的 zk-SNARK 库。供高级 API 来设计电路。 gnark 0.11.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Groth16证明中对私有见证者的承诺实现破坏了零知识属性，可能允许攻击者在见证值较小时枚举所有可能的选择以推断实际值。

CVSS 5.9 · Medium EPSS 0.43% · P35

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1530 · Data from Cloud Storage
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2024-45040

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
gnark's commitments to private witnesses in Groth16 as implemented break zero-knowledge property
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
gnark is a fast zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. Prior to version 0.11.0, commitments to private witnesses in Groth16 as implemented break the zero-knowledge property. The vulnerability affects only Groth16 proofs with commitments. Notably, PLONK proofs are not affected. The vulnerability affects the zero-knowledge property of the proofs - in case the witness (secret or internal) values are small, then the attacker may be able to enumerate all possible choices to deduce the actual value. If the possible choices for the variables to be committed is large or there are many values committed, then it would be computationally infeasible to enumerate all valid choices. It doesn't affect the completeness/soundness of the proofs. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 0.11.0. The patch to fix the issue is to add additional randomized value to the list of committed value at proving time to mask the rest of the values which were committed. As a workaround, the user can manually commit to a randomized value.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
信息暴露
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
gnark 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
gnark是Consensys开源的一个快速的 zk-SNARK 库。供高级 API 来设计电路。 gnark 0.11.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Groth16证明中对私有见证者的承诺实现破坏了零知识属性，可能允许攻击者在见证值较小时枚举所有可能的选择以推断实际值。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Consensys gnark < 0.11.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2024-45040

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2024-45040

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2024-45040 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2024-45040 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: gnark
Same vendor: Consensys
Same weakness: CWE-200

V. Comments for CVE-2024-45040

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