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CVE-2025-21607— Success of Certain Precompile Calls not Checked in Vyper

Quick assessment

Affected
vyperlang vyper
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Vyper是vyperlang开源的一个 EVM 的 Pythonic 智能合约语言。 Vyper 0.4.0及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于编译器在使用预编译EcRecover和Identity时未检查调用的成功标志，可能导致执行结果不正确。

AI Predicted 5.3 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.65% · P50

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1496 · Resource Hijacking
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-21607

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Success of Certain Precompile Calls not Checked in Vyper
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. When the Vyper Compiler uses the precompiles EcRecover (0x1) and Identity (0x4), the success flag of the call is not checked. As a consequence an attacker can provide a specific amount of gas to make these calls fail but let the overall execution continue. Then the execution result can be incorrect. Based on EVM's rules, after the failed precompile the remaining code has only 1/64 of the pre-call-gas left (as 63/64 were forwarded and spent). Hence, only fairly simple executions can follow the failed precompile calls. Therefore, we found no significantly impacted real-world contracts. None the less an advisory has been made out of an abundance of caution. This issue is fixed in 0.4.1.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
控制流实现总是不正确
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Vyper 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Vyper是vyperlang开源的一个 EVM 的 Pythonic 智能合约语言。 Vyper 0.4.0及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于编译器在使用预编译EcRecover和Identity时未检查调用的成功标志，可能导致执行结果不正确。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
vyperlang vyper < 0.4.1 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-21607

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-21607

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-21607 (2)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-21607 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: vyper
Same vendor: vyperlang
Same weakness: CWE-670

V. Comments for CVE-2025-21607

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