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CVE-2025-21722— nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于nilfs2强制清除被引用的缓冲区。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.20% · P10

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 16

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< 7d0544bacc11d6aa26ecd7debf9353193c7a3328 affected
8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< 4d042811c72f71be7c14726db2c72b67025a7cb5 affected
8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< f51ff43c4c5a6c8e72d0aca89e4d5e688938412f affected
8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< 19296737024cd220a1d6590bf4c092bca8c99497 affected
8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< 1098bb8d52419d262a3358d099a1598a920b730f affected
8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< 557ccf5e49f1fb848a29698585bcab2e50a597ef affected
8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c< ca76bb226bf47ff04c782cacbd299f12ddee1ec1 affected
3.10 affected
… +8 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-21722

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced Patch series "nilfs2: protect busy buffer heads from being force-cleared". This series fixes the buffer head state inconsistency issues reported by syzbot that occurs when the filesystem is corrupted and falls back to read-only, and the associated buffer head use-after-free issue. This patch (of 2): Syzbot has reported that after nilfs2 detects filesystem corruption and falls back to read-only, inconsistencies in the buffer state may occur. One of the inconsistencies is that when nilfs2 calls mark_buffer_dirty() to set a data or metadata buffer as dirty, but it detects that the buffer is not in the uptodate state: WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6049 at fs/buffer.c:1177 mark_buffer_dirty+0x2e5/0x520 fs/buffer.c:1177 ... Call Trace: <TASK> nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry+0x4b/0x160 fs/nilfs2/alloc.c:598 nilfs_ifile_create_inode+0x1dd/0x3a0 fs/nilfs2/ifile.c:73 nilfs_new_inode+0x254/0x830 fs/nilfs2/inode.c:344 nilfs_mkdir+0x10d/0x340 fs/nilfs2/namei.c:218 vfs_mkdir+0x2f9/0x4f0 fs/namei.c:4257 do_mkdirat+0x264/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4280 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4295 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4293 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x87/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4293 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The other is when nilfs_btree_propagate(), which propagates the dirty state to the ancestor nodes of a b-tree that point to a dirty buffer, detects that the origin buffer is not dirty, even though it should be: WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5245 at fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089 nilfs_btree_propagate+0xc79/0xdf0 fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089 ... Call Trace: <TASK> nilfs_bmap_propagate+0x75/0x120 fs/nilfs2/bmap.c:345 nilfs_collect_file_data+0x4d/0xd0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:587 nilfs_segctor_apply_buffers+0x184/0x340 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1006 nilfs_segctor_scan_file+0x28c/0xa50 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1045 nilfs_segctor_collect_blocks fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1216 [inline] nilfs_segctor_collect fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1540 [inline] nilfs_segctor_do_construct+0x1c28/0x6b90 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2115 nilfs_segctor_construct+0x181/0x6b0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2479 nilfs_segctor_thread_construct fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2587 [inline] nilfs_segctor_thread+0x69e/0xe80 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2701 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 </TASK> Both of these issues are caused by the callbacks that handle the page/folio write requests, forcibly clear various states, including the working state of the buffers they hold, at unexpected times when they detect read-only fallback. Fix these issues by checking if the buffer is referenced before clearing the page/folio state, and skipping the clear if it is.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于nilfs2强制清除被引用的缓冲区。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c ~ 7d0544bacc11d6aa26ecd7debf9353193c7a3328 -
Linux Linux 3.10 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-21722

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-21722

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-21722 (4)

Other References for CVE-2025-21722 (3)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-02-27 · 177 CVEs total

CVE-2025-21805 9.8 CRITICAL RDMA/rtrs: Add missing deinit() call
CVE-2025-21707 9.8 CRITICAL mptcp: consolidate suboption status
CVE-2025-21748 9.8 CRITICAL ksmbd: fix integer overflows on 32 bit systems
CVE-2025-21796 9.8 CRITICAL nfsd: clear acl_access/acl_default after releasing them
CVE-2024-58006 9.6 CRITICAL PCI: dwc: ep: Prevent changing BAR size/flags in pci_epc_set_bar()
CVE-2024-57997 8.8 HIGH wifi: wcn36xx: fix channel survey memory allocation size
CVE-2024-57995 8.8 HIGH wifi: ath12k: fix read pointer after free in ath12k_mac_assign_vif_to_vdev()
CVE-2024-57999 8.8 HIGH powerpc/pseries/iommu: IOMMU incorrectly marks MMIO range in DDW
CVE-2025-21735 8.8 HIGH NFC: nci: Add bounds checking in nci_hci_create_pipe()
CVE-2025-21710 8.2 HIGH tcp: correct handling of extreme memory squeeze
CVE-2024-57973 8.1 HIGH rdma/cxgb4: Prevent potential integer overflow on 32bit
CVE-2025-21760 8.1 HIGH ndisc: extend RCU protection in ndisc_send_skb()
CVE-2025-21762 8.1 HIGH arp: use RCU protection in arp_xmit()
CVE-2025-21766 8.1 HIGH ipv4: use RCU protection in __ip_rt_update_pmtu()
CVE-2025-21765 8.1 HIGH ipv6: use RCU protection in ip6_default_advmss()
CVE-2025-21718 7.8 HIGH net: rose: fix timer races against user threads
CVE-2025-21730 7.8 HIGH wifi: rtw89: avoid to init mgnt_entry list twice when WoWLAN failed
CVE-2025-21729 7.8 HIGH wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion
CVE-2025-21753 7.8 HIGH btrfs: fix use-after-free when attempting to join an aborted transaction
CVE-2025-21717 7.8 HIGH net/mlx5e: add missing cpu_to_node to kvzalloc_node in mlx5e_open_xdpredirect_sq

Showing top 20 of 177 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

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