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CVE-2025-21791— vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未使用RCU保护l3mdev_l3_out函数，可能导致释放后重用。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.27% · P18

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1068 · Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Affected Version Matrix 18

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< 6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< 20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< 5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< 022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21 affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< 7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019 affected
a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539< 6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773 affected
… +10 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-21791

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held: raw_sendmsg() ip_push_pending_frames() ip_send_skb() ip_local_out() __ip_local_out() l3mdev_ip_out() Add rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid a potential UAF.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 资源管理错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未使用RCU保护l3mdev_l3_out函数，可能导致释放后重用。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 ~ 6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e -
Linux Linux 4.9 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-21791

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-21791

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-21791 (5)

Other References for CVE-2025-21791 (3)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-02-27 · 177 CVEs total

CVE-2025-21805 9.8 CRITICAL RDMA/rtrs: Add missing deinit() call
CVE-2025-21796 9.8 CRITICAL nfsd: clear acl_access/acl_default after releasing them
CVE-2025-21707 9.8 CRITICAL mptcp: consolidate suboption status
CVE-2025-21748 9.8 CRITICAL ksmbd: fix integer overflows on 32 bit systems
CVE-2024-58006 9.6 CRITICAL PCI: dwc: ep: Prevent changing BAR size/flags in pci_epc_set_bar()
CVE-2024-57999 8.8 HIGH powerpc/pseries/iommu: IOMMU incorrectly marks MMIO range in DDW
CVE-2025-21735 8.8 HIGH NFC: nci: Add bounds checking in nci_hci_create_pipe()
CVE-2024-57997 8.8 HIGH wifi: wcn36xx: fix channel survey memory allocation size
CVE-2024-57995 8.8 HIGH wifi: ath12k: fix read pointer after free in ath12k_mac_assign_vif_to_vdev()
CVE-2025-21710 8.2 HIGH tcp: correct handling of extreme memory squeeze
CVE-2025-21766 8.1 HIGH ipv4: use RCU protection in __ip_rt_update_pmtu()
CVE-2024-57973 8.1 HIGH rdma/cxgb4: Prevent potential integer overflow on 32bit
CVE-2025-21762 8.1 HIGH arp: use RCU protection in arp_xmit()
CVE-2025-21765 8.1 HIGH ipv6: use RCU protection in ip6_default_advmss()
CVE-2025-21760 8.1 HIGH ndisc: extend RCU protection in ndisc_send_skb()
CVE-2025-21764 7.8 HIGH ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb()
CVE-2025-21734 7.8 HIGH misc: fastrpc: Fix copy buffer page size
CVE-2024-58008 7.8 HIGH KEYS: trusted: dcp: fix improper sg use with CONFIG_VMAP_STACK=y
CVE-2024-58010 7.8 HIGH binfmt_flat: Fix integer overflow bug on 32 bit systems
CVE-2025-21792 7.8 HIGH ax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt

Showing top 20 of 177 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-21791

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