CVE-2025-21991— Linux kernel 安全漏洞
一分钟漏洞结论
影响对象
Linux Linux
利用判断
尚无明确在野利用证据，仍需结合暴露面评估
建议动作
优先检查厂商安全公告和参考链接中的修复版本；无法立即升级时，限制受影响服务暴露并加强监测。
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于x86/microcode/AMD组件在无CPU的NUMA节点上可能越界访问。
可能的 ATT&CK 技术 1 AI
T1068 · Exploitation for Privilege Escalation影响版本矩阵 28
| 厂商 | 产品 | 版本范围 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 979e197968a1e8f09bf0d706801dba4432f85ab3< d509c4731090ebd9bbdb72c70a2d70003ae81f4f |
affected |
44a44b57e88f311c1415be1f567c50050913c149< 985a536e04bbfffb1770df43c6470f635a6b1073 |
affected | ||
be2710deaed3ab1402379a2ede30a3754fe6767a< 18b5d857c6496b78ead2fd10001b81ae32d30cac |
affected | ||
d576547f489c935b9897d4acf8beee3325dea8a5< ec52240622c4d218d0240079b7c1d3ec2328a9f4 |
affected | ||
7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f< e686349cc19e800dac8971929089ba5ff59abfb0 |
affected | ||
7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f< 488ffc0cac38f203979f83634236ee53251ce593 |
affected | ||
7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f< 5ac295dfccb5b015493f86694fa13a0dde4d3665 |
affected | ||
7ff6edf4fef38ab404ee7861f257e28eaaeed35f< e3e89178a9f4a80092578af3ff3c8478f9187d59 |
affected | ||
| … +20 条更多 | |||
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一、 漏洞 CVE-2025-21991 基础信息
漏洞信息
对漏洞内容有疑问？看看神龙的深度分析是否有帮助！
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Vulnerability Title
x86/microcode/AMD: Fix out-of-bounds on systems with CPU-less NUMA nodes
来源: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/microcode/AMD: Fix out-of-bounds on systems with CPU-less NUMA nodes
Currently, load_microcode_amd() iterates over all NUMA nodes, retrieves their
CPU masks and unconditionally accesses per-CPU data for the first CPU of each
mask.
According to Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numaperf.rst:
"Some memory may share the same node as a CPU, and others are provided as
memory only nodes."
Therefore, some node CPU masks may be empty and wouldn't have a "first CPU".
On a machine with far memory (and therefore CPU-less NUMA nodes):
- cpumask_of_node(nid) is 0
- cpumask_first(0) is CONFIG_NR_CPUS
- cpu_data(CONFIG_NR_CPUS) accesses the cpu_info per-CPU array at an
index that is 1 out of bounds
This does not have any security implications since flashing microcode is
a privileged operation but I believe this has reliability implications by
potentially corrupting memory while flashing a microcode update.
When booting with CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS=y on an AMD machine that flashes
a microcode update. I get the following splat:
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c:X:Y
index 512 is out of range for type 'unsigned long[512]'
[...]
Call Trace:
dump_stack
__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds
load_microcode_amd
request_microcode_amd
reload_store
kernfs_fop_write_iter
vfs_write
ksys_write
do_syscall_64
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
Change the loop to go over only NUMA nodes which have CPUs before determining
whether the first CPU on the respective node needs microcode update.
[ bp: Massage commit message, fix typo. ]
来源: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
来源: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
来源: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
来源: 中国国家信息安全漏洞库 CNNVD
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于x86/microcode/AMD组件在无CPU的NUMA节点上可能越界访问。
来源: 中国国家信息安全漏洞库 CNNVD
CVSS Information
N/A
来源: 中国国家信息安全漏洞库 CNNVD
Vulnerability Type
N/A
来源: 中国国家信息安全漏洞库 CNNVD
受影响产品
二、漏洞 CVE-2025-21991 的公开POC
| # | POC 描述 | 源链接 | 神龙链接 |
|---|
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CVE-2025-21991 补丁与修复 (3)
同批安全公告 · Linux · 2025-04-02 · 共 8 条
| CVE-2025-21988 | 9.8 CRITICAL | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 |
| CVE-2025-21994 | 7.6 HIGH | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 |
| CVE-2025-21993 | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 | |
| CVE-2025-21992 | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 | |
| CVE-2025-21990 | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 | |
| CVE-2025-21989 | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 | |
| CVE-2025-21987 | Linux kernel 安全漏洞 |
IV. Related Vulnerabilities
V. Comments for CVE-2025-21991
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